Kasni (Cichorium Intybus): A Comprehensive Exploration of its Botanical, Medicinal, Culinary, and Economic Significance

Introduction:

Kasni, scientifically known as Cichorium Intybus, is a versatile and noteworthy plant with a rich history of uses and remarkable medicinal properties. This perennial herbaceous plant belongs to the Asteraceae family and is widely recognized for its various applications in different cultures around the world.

Throughout history, Kasni has held great significance in traditional medicine systems across different regions. Its roots, leaves, and flowers have been utilized for centuries to address a wide range of health concerns. The plant's extensive medicinal properties have earned it a reputation as a valuable herbal remedy.

Culturally, Kasni has found a place in culinary traditions as well. Its leaves and roots are used in cooking, particularly in salads, soups, and beverages, adding a distinct flavor and nutritional value to dishes. Its bitter taste has made it a sought-after ingredient in certain cuisines.

Moreover, Kasni has played a role in folklore and cultural practices, often symbolizing qualities such as endurance, resilience, and purification. Its presence in traditional ceremonies and rituals highlights its cultural importance and deep-rooted connections with human societies.

The remarkable historical uses, cultural significance, and medicinal properties of Kasni make it a captivating subject of study and exploration. By delving into its taxonomy, botanical description, distribution, and cultivation, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of this fascinating plant and its potential benefits for human well-being.

Taxonomy and Classification:

Kasni, scientifically known as Cichorium Intybus, is classified within the plant kingdom, Plantae. It belongs to the family Asteraceae, commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, or sunflower family. The Asteraceae family is one of the largest and most diverse plant families, comprising numerous species worldwide.

The genus name of Kasni is Cichorium, which encompasses several other species apart from Cichorium Intybus. This genus is known for its herbaceous plants, many of which possess medicinal or culinary value. Kasni, or Cichorium Intybus, is one of the well-known species within this genus.

The scientific name of Kasni, Cichorium Intybus, further breaks down as follows:

Genus: Cichorium

The genus name "Cichorium" is derived from the Greek word "kikhorion," which refers to chicory. The genus includes several other species, including Cichorium endivia (endive) and Cichorium spinosum (spiny chicory).

Species: Intybus

The species name "Intybus" is of uncertain origin but has been associated with the plant since ancient times. It specifically refers to the species Cichorium Intybus, commonly known as common chicory or wild chicory.

 

In terms of classification, the hierarchical order for Kasni is as follows:

- Kingdom: Plantae

- Division: Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms)

- Class: Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)

- Order: Asterales

- Family: Asteraceae

- Genus: Cichorium

- Species: Intybus

Understanding the taxonomy and classification of Kasni provides a framework for further exploration of its botanical characteristics, distribution, and related species within the same genus and family.

Botanical Description:

Kasni (Cichorium Intybus) is a herbaceous perennial plant that exhibits distinct physical characteristics. Here is a detailed description of its various plant parts:

Height:

Kasni typically grows to a height of about 30 to 100 centimeters (12 to 40 inches), depending on the environmental conditions and cultivation practices.

Stem Structure:

The stems of Kasni are erect, sturdy, and branched. They are usually ribbed or grooved and have a hollow interior. The stems can range in color from green to reddish-brown.

Leaves:

The leaves of Kasni are deeply lobed and have a basal rosette arrangement. They grow directly from the base of the plant and can reach a length of about 15 to 30 centimeters (6 to 12 inches). The leaves have a lanceolate or ovate shape and are characterized by toothed or serrated edges. The upper surface of the leaves is usually dark green, while the lower surface is lighter in color.

Flowers:

Kasni produces attractive blue or lavender-colored flowers that are arranged in dense clusters or heads. These flower heads, measuring approximately 2 to 4 centimeters (0.8 to 1.6 inches) in diameter, consist of numerous individual flowers. Each flower has a tubular shape and is surrounded by several overlapping bracts or involucral bracts. The flowers bloom during the summer season.

Roots:

Kasni has a taproot system with a long, thick main root that can extend deep into the ground. The taproot is often fleshy and contains inulin, a type of polysaccharide. It serves as an energy storage organ for the plant.

Color, Shape, and Texture:

The color of Kasni's different plant parts varies. The leaves are predominantly green, while the flowers exhibit shades of blue or lavender. The stems can be green or reddish-brown, and the roots are typically pale beige or white.

 

The shape and texture of Kasni's leaves are deeply lobed, with toothed or serrated edges. The flowers are tubular and have a delicate texture. The stem is rigid and ribbed, while the roots are thick and fleshy.

Understanding the botanical description of Kasni helps in identifying the plant, distinguishing it from other species, and appreciating its visual characteristics.

Distribution and Habitat:

Kasni (Cichorium Intybus) is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. Over time, it has naturalized in various parts of the world and can now be found in many regions with suitable environmental conditions. Here is an explanation of its natural habitat and geographical distribution:

Natural Habitat:

Kasni thrives in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, meadows, waste areas, and disturbed sites. It has a preference for open spaces with well-drained soil and tolerates a wide range of soil types.

Geographical Distribution:

Due to its adaptability and human cultivation, Kasni is now distributed across different continents. It can be found in Europe, including countries like France, Italy, and Germany. It is also present in Western Asia, including parts of Iran and Turkey. In North Africa, it is found in countries such as Morocco and Egypt. Moreover, Kasni has been introduced and naturalized in North America, Australia, and other parts of the world.

Environmental Conditions:

Kasni prefers temperate to subtropical climates. It grows best in regions with mild summers and cool winters. The plant can tolerate a range of temperatures, but extreme heat or prolonged frost may affect its growth. It thrives in areas with ample sunlight but can also tolerate partial shade.

Climate:

Kasni adapts well to regions with a Mediterranean climate, characterized by mild, wet winters and dry summers. It can also grow in temperate climates with a moderate amount of rainfall. However, it is relatively drought-tolerant and can survive in areas with lower water availability.

Soil Type:

Kasni prefers well-drained soils but can tolerate a variety of soil types. It grows well in loamy or sandy soils with good fertility. However, it can adapt to clay soils as long as they are not excessively compacted. Soil pH ranging from slightly acidic to neutral is generally suitable for optimal growth.

 

Specific regions or countries where Kasni is commonly found include various parts of Europe, such as the Mediterranean region, as well as areas in Western Asia and North Africa. It has also become naturalized in many other countries with similar climatic conditions.

Understanding the natural habitat, geographical distribution, and preferred environmental conditions of Kasni helps in identifying suitable regions for cultivation and provides insights into its adaptability in different parts of the world.

Traditional and Medicinal Uses:

Kasni (Cichorium Intybus) has a long history of traditional use in different cultures around the world. Its roots, leaves, and flowers have been utilized for various medicinal purposes. Here are some traditional and historical uses of Kasni:

Digestive Health:

Kasni has been traditionally used to support digestive health. It is believed to stimulate appetite, promote digestion, and alleviate symptoms of indigestion, bloating, and constipation.

Liver Health:

In traditional medicine systems, Kasni has been used to support liver function and promote liver detoxification. It is believed to have hepatoprotective properties and may help in conditions like jaundice and liver congestion.

Blood Cleansing:

Kasni has been used as a blood purifier and to promote healthy blood circulation. It was believed to help eliminate toxins from the body and improve overall blood health.

Diabetes Management:

Traditional medicine practices have used Kasni as a remedy for managing diabetes. It is believed to have hypoglycemic properties and may help regulate blood sugar levels.

Anti-inflammatory and Pain Relief:

Kasni has been used traditionally to reduce inflammation and relieve pain associated with conditions like arthritis and joint inflammation.

Respiratory Health:

Kasni has been employed in traditional medicine for respiratory ailments. It is believed to have expectorant properties, helping to alleviate coughs, bronchitis, and asthma symptoms.

Skin Health:

Kasni has been used topically to support skin health. It is believed to possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, making it useful for various skin conditions, including acne, eczema, and rashes.

Coffee Substitute:

The roasted and ground roots of Kasni have been used as a coffee substitute in certain cultures. The beverage made from Kasni roots has a similar bitter taste and aroma to coffee.

 

Scientific research and studies have also explored the medicinal properties of Kasni. Some studies have found potential health benefits and therapeutic applications of Kasni, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and anti-diabetic properties. These studies provide scientific support for some of the traditional uses of Kasni.

It's important to note that while traditional uses and anecdotal evidence exist, further research is needed to fully understand the efficacy and safety of Kasni for various health conditions. Consulting a healthcare professional or herbalist is recommended before using Kasni for medicinal purposes.

Culinary Uses and Nutritional Value:

Kasni (Cichorium Intybus) has culinary applications, particularly in certain regions where it is commonly consumed. Here's an explanation of how Kasni is used in culinary practices, specific dishes or beverages that incorporate it, and its nutritional composition and potential health benefits:

Culinary Uses:

Leaves: The leaves of Kasni are often used raw in salads, providing a slightly bitter and crunchy addition to the mix. They can also be cooked or sautéed like other leafy greens.

Roots: The roots of Kasni are roasted, ground, and used as a coffee substitute or coffee additive. The roasted roots impart a rich and slightly bitter flavor, reminiscent of coffee.

Flowers: In some cuisines, Kasni flowers are used as a decorative element in salads, desserts, or as a garnish for various dishes.

Specific Dishes and Beverages:

Kasni Salad: Fresh Kasni leaves are used in salads, often combined with other greens, vegetables, and dressings.

Kasni Coffee Substitute: Roasted and ground Kasni roots can be brewed to create a coffee-like beverage. It can be consumed as is or blended with other ingredients to enhance the flavor.

Kasni Infusions and Herbal Teas: Kasni leaves, roots, or a combination of both are steeped in hot water to create herbal infusions or teas with potential health benefits.

Nutritional Composition:

Kasni is a nutrient-dense plant and offers various essential vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. While the exact nutritional composition may vary slightly depending on factors such as cultivation methods and plant maturity, here are some notable components found in Kasni:

Vitamins: Kasni is a good source of vitamins A, C, and K. It also contains some B vitamins like folate.

Minerals: Kasni contains minerals such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron.

Dietary Fiber: Kasni provides dietary fiber, which is beneficial for digestive health and helps maintain regular bowel movements.

Potential Health Benefits:

Antioxidant Properties: Kasni contains phytochemicals with antioxidant properties that help protect against oxidative stress and cellular damage.

Digestive Health: The dietary fiber content of Kasni can contribute to improved digestion and may help prevent constipation.

Anti-inflammatory Effects: Some compounds found in Kasni have demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in research, which may have potential benefits for reducing inflammation in the body.

Potential Liver Support: Kasni has been traditionally used for liver health, and some studies suggest it may have hepatoprotective effects, helping support liver function.

 

It's important to note that while Kasni has potential health benefits, individual dietary needs and considerations should be taken into account. It is always advisable to consult a healthcare professional or nutritionist for personalized advice and guidance regarding incorporating Kasni into your diet.

Economic and Commercial Importance:

 

Kasni (Cichorium Intybus) holds economic significance in several industries and sectors due to its diverse applications. Here's an overview of its economic importance and the sectors where Kasni plays a role:

Herbal Medicine Industry:

Kasni is a valuable ingredient in traditional and herbal medicine systems. Its roots, leaves, and flowers are utilized for their medicinal properties.

The demand for herbal remedies and natural health products has increased in recent years, contributing to the commercial production and trade of Kasni-based products.

Kasni extracts, powders, capsules, and teas are produced and marketed as dietary supplements, herbal remedies, and health products.

Food and Beverage Industry:

Kasni has culinary uses and is incorporated into various food and beverage products. The roasted and ground roots of Kasni are used as a coffee substitute or coffee additive. They are commercially produced and sold as coffee alternatives.

Kasni leaves are used in salads, adding flavor and nutritional value to dishes. Kasni-based herbal teas and infusions are marketed for their potential health benefits and consumed as alternative beverages.

Agriculture and Horticulture:

Kasni is cultivated commercially in some regions for both medicinal and culinary purposes. The cultivation of Kasni provides economic opportunities for farmers and contributes to agricultural livelihoods.

It is grown in fields and gardens, often as a cash crop alongside other crops or as a rotational crop. Kasni cultivation requires suitable land, climate, and cultivation practices to ensure optimal growth and yield.

International Trade:

Kasni and its derived products are traded globally, meeting the demand in various markets. Countries that produce Kasni commercially participate in the international trade of herbal medicines, dietary supplements, coffee substitutes, and other related products. The trade of Kasni contributes to local and global economies, supporting employment, income generation, and export-import activities.

 

The economic significance of Kasni lies in its contribution to industries such as herbal medicine, food, and agriculture. Its cultivation, production, and trade create economic opportunities and support the livelihoods of individuals involved in these sectors.

Ayurvedic Products having Kasni as ingredient

When using products that contain Kasni as an ingredient, it is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer or consult a healthcare professional for guidance. Here are some general guidelines on how to use the mentioned products:

Rejuvenator Capsule:

·        Rejuvenator Capsule is an ayurvedic power capsule that may contain Kasni among other ingredients.

·        Typically, capsules are taken orally with water. The recommended dosage and frequency of consumption will be specified on the product packaging or as advised by a healthcare professional.

Retake 200 ml:

·        Retake is an ayurvedic health tonic that may include Kasni in its formulation.

·        It is usually consumed orally in the form of a liquid tonic.

·        The recommended dosage and frequency of consumption will be provided on the product packaging or as directed by a healthcare professional.

Saptras vati:

·        Saptras vati is an ayurvedic immunity booster that may contain Kasni along with other ingredients.

·        It is typically taken orally as tablets or pills.

·        The dosage and frequency of consumption will be mentioned on the product packaging or as advised by a healthcare professional.

Elz-pure 200 ml:

·        Elz-pure is an ayurvedic blood purifier that may contain Kasni and other ingredients.

·        It is usually consumed orally in the form of a liquid.

·        The recommended dosage and frequency of consumption will be provided on the product packaging or as directed by a healthcare professional.

Heptoliv plus 200 ml, Heptoliv plus 450 ml, Heptoliv plus 100 ml:

·        Heptoliv plus is an ayurvedic liver tonic that may contain Kasni and other beneficial herbs.

·        The tonic is typically consumed orally, and the recommended dosage and frequency will be specified on the product packaging or as advised by a healthcare professional.

 

It's important to note that the specific usage instructions may vary for each product, and it is always advisable to consult a healthcare professional or follow the recommendations provided by the manufacturer. They can provide personalized guidance based on your individual health condition, age, and any other specific considerations.

Current Research and Future Prospects:

 

Kasni (Cichorium Intybus) continues to be a subject of research and exploration, uncovering new potential uses and applications. Here are some ongoing research areas and future prospects related to Kasni:

Medicinal Properties and Health Benefits:

·        Ongoing research aims to further investigate and validate the medicinal properties of Kasni, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects.

·        Studies are exploring the potential of Kasni in managing chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and liver disorders.

·        Research is investigating the active compounds and mechanisms of action within Kasni, which could lead to the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.

Nutritional Composition and Functional Food:

·        Studies are focusing on analyzing the nutritional composition of Kasni in more detail, including its phytochemical profile, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber content.

·        The development of functional food products fortified with Kasni is an emerging trend. These products aim to provide enhanced health benefits beyond basic nutrition.

·        Researchers are exploring innovative ways to incorporate Kasni into various food products to increase its consumption and promote its potential health benefits.

Agronomic Practices and Cultivation Techniques:

·        Ongoing research aims to optimize agronomic practices and cultivation techniques for Kasni to improve yield, quality, and sustainability.

·        Studies are investigating the impact of different environmental conditions, soil types, and cultivation methods on the growth and medicinal properties of Kasni.

·        Research on breeding programs and genetic improvement of Kasni aims to develop improved cultivars with enhanced traits, such as increased yield, disease resistance, and specific phytochemical profiles.

Environmental and Ecological Applications:

·        Kasni has the potential for ecological applications, such as phytoremediation, which involves using plants to remove pollutants from the soil or water.

·        Research is exploring the ability of Kasni to accumulate heavy metals and its potential use in environmental remediation and ecological restoration projects.

 

The ongoing research on Kasni highlights its diverse potential applications and the continuous exploration of its medicinal properties, nutritional value, cultivation practices, and ecological benefits. As research progresses, there may be increased understanding of Kasni's therapeutic potential, the development of innovative products, and its role in sustainable agriculture and environmental management. These advancements hold promise for the future utilization of Kasni in various industries and fields.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Kasni (Cichorium Intybus) is a versatile plant with significance in various fields. Throughout this article, we have explored its taxonomy, botanical description, distribution, and habitat. We discussed its traditional and medicinal uses, including its historical significance and documented health benefits. Kasni has been traditionally utilized for digestive health, liver support, blood purification, diabetes management, and respiratory health, among other applications.

Moreover, Kasni has culinary uses, with its leaves, roots, and flowers incorporated into salads, herbal teas, and coffee substitutes. Its nutritional composition, including vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, contributes to its potential as a dietary ingredient with health-promoting properties. The economic importance of Kasni lies in sectors such as herbal medicine, food and beverages, and agriculture, supporting livelihoods and international trade.

Ongoing research on Kasni focuses on its medicinal properties, nutritional composition, cultivation practices, and ecological applications. These investigations highlight the potential for further advancements and innovative uses of Kasni in the future. As we gain more insights into its therapeutic potential, develop functional food products, optimize cultivation techniques, and explore environmental applications, the importance of studying and understanding Kasni becomes evident.

In a world where there is a growing interest in natural remedies, sustainable agriculture, and holistic approaches to health, Kasni offers a valuable resource. Its rich history, cultural significance, and documented properties make it worthy of continued exploration and utilization. Studying Kasni not only contributes to scientific knowledge but also opens doors to novel applications and benefits across various fields. Therefore, investing in research and understanding the potential of Kasni is crucial for harnessing its full value and promoting its sustainable use.

Herbs Alphabetical List

Adraka (Zingiber Officinale), Agar Agar (Gelidium Amansii), Ajamoda (Carum Roxburghianum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum Ammi), Aloevera (Aloe Barbadensis), Alsi (Linum Usitatissimum), Amaltaas (Cassia Fistula), Amla (Emblica Officinalis), Amrapandhi haridra (Curcuma Amada) , Ananthamoola (Hemidesmus Indicus), Apamarg (Achyranthes Aspera), Arand Beej (Ricinus Communis), Arjun (Terminalia Arjuna), Ashoka (Saraca Indica), Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera), Atibala         (Abutilon Indicum), Babool Gond (Acaia Arabica), Bael / Belpatre (Aegle Marmelos), Bahera (Terminalia Bellirica), Bansa (Adhatoda Vasica), Bavding (Embelia Ribes), Bharangi (Clerodendrum Serratum), Bhringaraj (Eclipta Alba), Bhuiamla (Phyllanthus Niruri), Bhutrina (Cymbopogon Citrastus), Bola (Commiphora Myrrha), Brahmi (Herpestis Monniera), Chandrashoor (Lepidium Sativum), Chameli (Jasminum Officinale), Chirayta (Swertia Chirata), Chirongi Oil (Buchanania Latifolia), Chitra (Plumbago Zeylanica), Dadima Beej (Punica Granatum), Dalchini  (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum), Daruhaldi (Berberis Aristate), Devdaru (Cedrus Deodara), Dhataki (Woodfordia Fruticosa), Draksha (Vitis Vinifera), Gairik (Ochre), Gajar (Daucus Carota), Gali Pan / Paan (Betel Pepper), Gandhpura Oil (Gaultheria Fragrantissima), Garlic Shuddha (Allium Sativum), Goat Milk, Wheat Grass Oil (Triticum Sativum), Gokharu (Tribulus Terrestris), Gorakhganja (Aerva Lanata), Gudmar (Gymnema Sylvestre), Guduchi (Tinosora Cordifolia), Gulab (Rosa Centifolia), Gular (Ficus Glomerata Roxb.), Hadjod (Cissus Quadranglaris), Haldi (Curcuma Longa), Hansraj  (Adiantum Lunulatum), Harad (Terminalia Chebula), Harshingar (Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis), Hingu (Ferula Ashafoetida), Honey, Indrajaw (Holarrhena Antidysenterica), Ispaghul Husk (Plantago Ovata), Jaiphal (Myristica Fragrans), Jamun (Eugenia Jambolana), Jarul (Lagerstroemia Flos-Reginae Retz), Jatamansi (Nardostachys Jatamansi), Java Kushum (Hibiscus Rosasinensis), Jeera (Cuminum Cyminum), Jyotishmati (Celastrus Paniculatus), Kakarsingi (Pistacia Integerrima), Kali Mirach (Piper Nigrum), Kallaungi (Nigella Sativa), Kalmegh (Andrographis Peniculata), Kantkari (Solanum Xanthocarpum), Kapoor (Cinnamomum Camphora), Kapoor Tulsi (Ocimum Americanum), Karanja (Pongamia Glabra), Karela (Momordica Charantia), Kasni (Cichorium Intybus), Kaunch Beej (Mucuna Pruriens), Khadir (Acacia Catechu), Khatmi (Althaea Officinalis), Kiwi (Actinidia Deliciosa), Kulattha (Dolichos Biflorus), Kumkum/Kesar (Crocus Sativas), Kuth (Saussurea Costus), Kutki (Picrorhiza Kurroa), Lajjalu Mool (Mimosa Pudica), Laksha (Laccifer Lacca), Lal Chandan (Pterocarpus Santalinus), Lata Karanj (Caesalpinia Bonducella Fleming), Lavang (Caryophyllus Aromaticus), Lodhra (Symplocos Racemosa), Makoy (Solanum Nigrum), Manjishtha (Rubia Cordifolia), Mehandi Pan (Lawsonia Alba), Methi (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum), Mooli (Raphanus Sativus), Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza Glabra), Mundi (Sphaeranthus Indicus), Mustaka (Cyperus Rotundus), Nagar Moth (Cyperus Scariosus), Nagbala (Sida Veronicaefolia), Nagkesar (Mesua Ferrea), Naryan/Coconut Oil (Cocos Nucifera) , Neem (Azadirachta Indica), Nilgiri Oil (Eucalyptus Glabulus), Nimbu (Citrus Limon), Nirgundi (Vitex Negundo), Nisoth (Ipomoea Turpethum), Oyester Shell, Padmaka (Prunus Puddum), Palash (Butea Frondosa), Papaya (Carica Papaya), Pashanh Bedh (Coleus Aromaticus), Pipal (Ficus Religiosa), Pipli (Piper Longum), Pitpara (Fumaria Officinalis), Pudina (Mentha Piperata), Punarnava (Boerhaavia Diffusa), Pushkar Mool (Inula Racemosa), Rama Tulsi (Ocimum Gratissimum), Rasana (Pluchea Lanceolata), Revand Chini (Rheum Emodi), Roheda (Tecomella Undulata), Rosary Tulsi (Ocimum Canum), Saindhav Lavan (Chloride of Sodium), Salaki (Boswellia Serrata), Sanay (Cassia Angustifolia), Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare), Sevam (Pyrus Malus), Shankpushpi (Convolvulus Pluricaulis), Sharpunkha (Tephrosia Purpurea), Shatavari (Asparagus Racemosus), Shetal Chini (Piper Cubeba), Shigru (Moringa Pterygosperma), Shudh Kuchla (Strychnos Nux Vomica Linn), Shyama Tulsi (Ocimum Tenuiflorum), Shyonak (Oroxylum Indicum), Siras (Albizzia Lebbeck Benth), Somlata (Ephedra Vulgaris), Soya Been Oil (Glycine Max), St John's Wort Ext. (Hypericum Perforatum), Sudh Guggul (Balsamodendron Mukul), Sudh Shilajeet (Asphaltum Punjabinum),  Sukshmela (Elettaria Cardamomum), Suranjan Siri (Colchicum Luteum), Svet Chandan (Santalum Album), Svet Moosali (Asparagus Adscenden), Tagar (Valeriana Wallichii), Tejpatra (Cinnamomum Tamala), Terpentine Oil (Pinus Palustris), Til Oil (Sesamum Indicum), Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum), Ulathkamal (Ambroma Augusta), Vach (Acorus Calamus), Vidari (Pueraria Tuberosa), Van Tulsi (Ocimum Basilicum), Varuna (Crataeva Nurvala), Vijaysaar (Pterocarpus Marsupium), Zoofa (Hyssopus Officinalis)