Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza Glabra): A Versatile Herb with Cultural, Medicinal, and Culinary Significance

Introduction:

Mulethi, scientifically known as Glycyrrhiza glabra, is a perennial herb that is commonly referred to as Licorice. It has a rich history and is renowned for its extensive use in traditional medicine systems across different cultures. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Mulethi, covering its botanical characteristics, historical significance, medicinal properties, traditional uses, modern applications, and sustainability aspects.

Mulethi has been used for centuries in Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Unani practices. Its botanical name, Glycyrrhiza glabra, refers to the sweet flavor of its root, which contains a compound called glycyrrhizin. This compound gives Mulethi its distinct taste and is responsible for many of its therapeutic properties.

Throughout the article, we will delve into the various aspects of Mulethi, including its chemical composition, which includes glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. We will explore the medicinal properties attributed to Mulethi, such as its anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antioxidant effects, supported by scientific research.

Furthermore, we will examine the traditional uses of Mulethi in treating respiratory conditions, digestive issues, and skin ailments. We will explore its historical and cultural significance, as well as its role in culinary traditions, confectionery, and beverages.

In addition to its traditional uses, we will also delve into the modern applications of Mulethi, including its utilization in herbal medicine and pharmaceutical industries. We will discuss ongoing research and clinical trials investigating its potential therapeutic applications, as well as any safety considerations and dosage guidelines.

The article will touch upon Mulethi's culinary uses, highlighting its role in flavoring teas, candies, and liqueurs. We will also address its significance in the food industry as a natural sweetener and flavor enhancer. Furthermore, we will touch upon the commercial products derived from Mulethi, such as herbal supplements and skincare formulations.

Lastly, we will emphasize the importance of sustainable harvesting and cultivation practices for Mulethi. We will discuss the potential threats to its conservation and initiatives focused on its sustainable management.

By the end of this article, readers will have a comprehensive understanding of Mulethi, appreciating its cultural heritage, medicinal properties, traditional and modern uses, and the need to conserve its resources for future generations.

Other Names

Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) is known by various other names in different cultures and regions. Here are some alternative names for Mulethi:

Licorice: This is the common English name for Mulethi, derived from the Latin word "liquiritia" and used to refer to the sweet-tasting root.

Yashtimadhu: In Ayurveda, Mulethi is commonly referred to as Yashtimadhu, which translates to "sweet stick" in Sanskrit.

Jethimadh: This is another name for Mulethi in India, particularly in the Hindi language.

Gan Cao: Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), "Gan Cao" is the Chinese name for Mulethi. It is highly regarded for its therapeutic properties.

Sweetwood: This is a descriptive name for Mulethi, referring to its naturally sweet taste and woody roots.

Liquorice: This is an alternative spelling of "licorice" and is used in some regions, particularly in British English.

Reglisse: In French, Mulethi is known as "reglisse," which is derived from the Latin word "liquiritia."

Glycyrrhiza: This is the genus name for Mulethi, derived from the Greek words "glykys" (sweet) and "rrhiza" (root).

These are some of the commonly used names for Mulethi, highlighting its significance and recognition in different cultural and medicinal contexts.

Botanical Description:

Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is an herbaceous perennial plant with a distinctive appearance and notable features. Here are the physical characteristics of Mulethi:

Appearance: Mulethi grows up to a height of approximately 1 to 1.5 meters (3 to 5 feet). It has a woody, branched root system that is dark brown on the outside and yellowish on the inside. The roots are the most valuable part of the plant and are widely used for medicinal and culinary purposes.

Leaves: The leaves of Mulethi are compound, with leaflets arranged in pairs along a central stem. Each leaflet is oblong or lanceolate in shape, with a smooth or slightly hairy surface. The color of the leaves can range from green to grayish-green.

Flowers: Mulethi produces small, pea-like flowers that are pale purple or violet in color. The flowers are arranged in axillary clusters or spikes, giving the plant an attractive appearance during the flowering season.

Seeds: The plant forms small, elongated pods containing multiple seeds. These seeds are dark brown or black and are typically used for propagation.

Natural Habitat and Geographical Distribution:

Mulethi is native to the Mediterranean region, specifically areas in Europe and Asia. It thrives in warm and arid climates, often found growing in sandy or loamy soils. It is commonly found in regions with a Mediterranean climate, as well as parts of Asia, including India, Iran, and parts of China.

Growth Cycle and Cultivation Requirements: Mulethi follows a perennial growth cycle. In its first year of growth, it primarily focuses on establishing a strong root system. The root is typically harvested during the second or third year, once it has reached maturity.

Cultivating Mulethi requires specific conditions for optimal growth. It prefers well-drained soils with a pH range of 6 to 8. It thrives in full sunlight and requires a minimum of 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day. Adequate spacing between plants should be maintained to allow for proper air circulation and minimize the risk of diseases.

Mulethi is a hardy plant that can tolerate a range of temperatures, from hot summers to mild winters. However, it may not survive in extremely cold climates or regions with heavy frost. Regular watering is necessary, especially during the initial stages of growth, but excessive moisture should be avoided to prevent root rot.

In terms of propagation, Mulethi can be grown from seeds or through root division. Seeds should be sown in well-prepared soil during the spring, while root divisions can be planted during the dormant season.

By understanding the physical characteristics, natural habitat, and cultivation requirements of Mulethi, individuals can better appreciate and cultivate this valuable herb for various purposes.

Historical and Cultural Significance:

Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) holds a rich historical and cultural significance, being widely used in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Unani. Here's an exploration of its historical uses and cultural significance:

Traditional Medicine Systems:

Ayurveda: In Ayurveda, Mulethi is highly valued for its medicinal properties. It is believed to have a balancing effect on the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and is used to treat various conditions. It is particularly used in respiratory remedies, digestive tonics, and soothing herbal formulations.

Chinese Medicine: Mulethi, known as Gan Cao in Chinese medicine, has a long history of use. It is considered one of the most important herbs and is used in herbal formulations to harmonize and tonify the body. It is believed to nourish the spleen, lungs, and heart and is used for coughs, sore throats, and digestive issues.

Unani Medicine: Mulethi, known as Mulethi-e-Safaid in Unani medicine, has been used for centuries in the system. It is used for respiratory ailments, digestive disorders, and as a general tonic. It is believed to have a cooling effect on the body and is used to balance the humors.

Cultural Significance and Culinary Uses:

Mulethi has a significant place in various culinary traditions around the world. Its sweet and distinct flavor is used in teas, herbal infusions, confectionery, and beverages. It is used to flavor candies, chocolates, syrups, and liqueurs. Mulethi is also used as a natural sweetener in some traditional recipes.

In many cultures, Mulethi is included in traditional festive dishes and is used to add depth and complexity to the flavors. It is often used in traditional desserts, herbal teas, and savory dishes

The historical uses of Mulethi in traditional medicine systems, its cultural significance in culinary traditions, showcase the enduring importance of this herb in different cultures. Its versatile applications and deep-rooted cultural connections contribute to its continued popularity and usage in various forms.

Chemical Composition and Medicinal Properties:

Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) contains a diverse range of chemical constituents that contribute to its medicinal properties. Here's an overview of the key compounds found in Mulethi and the associated medicinal properties:

Glycyrrhizin:

One of the most important constituents of Mulethi is glycyrrhizin, a compound responsible for its characteristic sweet taste. Glycyrrhizin has been studied extensively and is known for its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. It is also believed to have hepatoprotective effects, benefiting liver health.

Flavonoids:

Mulethi contains various flavonoids, including liquiritin, liquiritigenin, and glabridin. These compounds contribute to the antioxidant properties of Mulethi, helping to neutralize harmful free radicals in the body. Flavonoids also exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, making them valuable in the treatment of inflammatory conditions and infections.

Triterpenoids:

Mulethi contains triterpenoids such as glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid. These compounds have been found to possess anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial activities. They are known to inhibit the production of certain inflammatory mediators, making Mulethi effective in reducing inflammation.

 

The combination of these chemical constituents gives Mulethi its wide range of medicinal properties:

 

Anti-inflammatory:

Mulethi exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects, which can help in the management of various inflammatory conditions. Several studies have demonstrated the ability of Mulethi to inhibit inflammatory markers and reduce inflammation in animal and cell-based models.

Expectorant:

Mulethi has traditionally been used as an expectorant, aiding in the expulsion of mucus from the respiratory tract. It can help alleviate symptoms of respiratory conditions such as cough, bronchitis, and asthma. Research suggests that Mulethi exhibits expectorant activity by increasing the secretion of mucus and facilitating its removal.

Antioxidant:

The flavonoids and other antioxidants present in Mulethi contribute to its strong antioxidant properties. These antioxidants help neutralize free radicals, reducing oxidative stress and protecting cells from damage. Studies have shown that Mulethi extracts possess potent antioxidant activity.

 

It is important to note that while there is significant traditional knowledge and anecdotal evidence supporting the medicinal properties of Mulethi, further research is ongoing to validate these claims and understand the mechanisms of action in more depth.

Health Benefits and Traditional Uses:

Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) offers a wide range of health benefits and has been traditionally used in various remedies. Here are some of the key health benefits and traditional uses of Mulethi:

Respiratory Conditions:

Mulethi has expectorant properties that help in relieving respiratory congestion and coughs. It is used in traditional remedies for conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, and sore throat. Mulethi can help soothe the respiratory tract and facilitate the removal of mucus.

Digestive Issues:

Mulethi is known for its carminative and anti-inflammatory properties, which make it useful in alleviating digestive discomfort. It is used to treat conditions like indigestion, heartburn, gastritis, and stomach ulcers. Mulethi can help reduce inflammation in the digestive tract and promote healthy digestion.

Skin Ailments:

Mulethi has been used for centuries in the treatment of various skin ailments. It is known for its anti-inflammatory and soothing effects on the skin. Mulethi extracts or formulations are applied topically to manage skin conditions like eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis. It is believed to help reduce inflammation, irritation, and itching.

Liver Health:

Mulethi has hepatoprotective properties, meaning it supports and protects the liver. It is used in traditional remedies to promote liver health and detoxification. Mulethi is believed to help protect the liver against damage caused by toxins and inflammation.

Immune Support:

Mulethi has immunomodulatory effects, meaning it can help regulate and support the immune system. It is used to enhance immunity and improve resistance against infections. Mulethi is believed to have antiviral and antimicrobial properties that can help in fighting off pathogens.

Hormonal Imbalances:

Mulethi is traditionally used to manage hormonal imbalances, particularly in women. It is believed to have estrogenic properties and can help balance hormone levels. Mulethi is sometimes used to alleviate symptoms associated with menopause, such as hot flashes and mood swings.

Traditional Remedies and Preparations:

Mulethi Tea: Mulethi root is commonly used to prepare herbal teas by steeping the dried root in hot water. Mulethi tea is known for its soothing properties and is used for respiratory conditions, digestion, and as a general tonic.

Mulethi Decoction: Mulethi root is boiled in water to prepare a decoction, which can be consumed or used topically for various ailments.

Mulethi Paste: Mulethi root powder can be mixed with water or other ingredients to create a paste for topical application on the skin to soothe inflammation and irritation.

It is important to note that while Mulethi has a long history of traditional use, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using it for specific health conditions or if you have any underlying medical conditions.

Modern Applications and Research:

Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) continues to be utilized in modern herbal medicine and the pharmaceutical industry due to its valuable properties. Here are some of the modern applications and ongoing research related to Mulethi:

Herbal Medicine and Pharmaceuticals:

·        Mulethi extracts and compounds are used in the formulation of herbal remedies, dietary supplements, and over-the-counter pharmaceutical products.

·        The active compound glycyrrhizin from Mulethi is used in pharmaceutical preparations for its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects.

·        Mulethi is incorporated into cough syrups, throat lozenges, and expectorants due to its soothing and expectorant properties.

·        Mulethi is also utilized in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and skin-soothing effects.

Safety Considerations, Potential Side Effects, and Dosage Guidelines:

While Mulethi is generally considered safe when used in moderate amounts, it is important to exercise caution and consider the following:

·        Excessive or prolonged use of Mulethi may lead to side effects.

·        Mulethi should be used with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

·        Dosage guidelines for Mulethi can vary depending on the form and purpose of use. It is recommended to follow product instructions or consult a healthcare professional for appropriate dosing guidance.

It is essential to note that while there is ongoing research supporting the potential therapeutic applications of Mulethi, further studies, including well-designed clinical trials, are needed to establish its efficacy, optimal dosage, and long-term safety. It is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before using Mulethi for therapeutic purposes.

Culinary and Commercial Uses:

Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is widely used in culinary applications, and its unique flavor profile adds depth and sweetness to various food and beverage products. Here's an overview of its culinary and commercial uses:

Culinary Applications:

Flavoring Teas: Mulethi is often used to flavor herbal teas and infusions due to its naturally sweet taste and aromatic properties. It adds a pleasant, subtle sweetness to teas and can be enjoyed on its own or blended with other herbs and spices.

Confectionery: Mulethi is used in the production of candies, confectioneries, and chocolates. It provides a distinct flavor and sweetness to these treats. Licorice candies, in particular, are known for their use of Mulethi extract or flavor.

Liqueurs and Alcoholic Beverages: Mulethi is used in the production of liqueurs, such as anise-based spirits like ouzo or sambuca. It imparts a unique taste and contributes to the overall flavor profile of these beverages.

Food Industry:

Natural Sweetener: Mulethi is used as a natural sweetener in certain food products. Its sweetness comes from the compound glycyrrhizin, which is significantly sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). It is sometimes used as a sugar substitute or in combination with other sweeteners to enhance the taste of food and beverages.

Flavor Enhancer: Mulethi is employed as a flavor enhancer in the food industry. Its distinctive taste adds complexity and richness to savory dishes, sauces, and marinades.

Commercial Products:

Herbal Supplements: Mulethi is used as a key ingredient in herbal supplements and traditional medicine formulations. These supplements often aim to support respiratory health, digestion, and overall well-being.

Skincare Formulations: Mulethi extracts or derivatives are incorporated into skincare products for their soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. They can be found in creams, lotions, masks, and serums targeted at reducing skin irritation, redness, and inflammation.

 

It is worth noting that when used in commercial products, the concentration and form of Mulethi may vary. It is essential to read product labels and follow recommended usage guidelines.

Mulethi's distinct flavor and various beneficial properties have made it a valuable ingredient in the culinary and food industries, as well as in the production of herbal supplements and skincare formulations. Its versatility and unique taste contribute to its widespread usage and popularity in these sectors.

Conclusion:

Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a plant of great cultural, medicinal, and culinary significance. Throughout history, it has been utilized in traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Unani for its diverse therapeutic properties. Its historical use in culinary traditions, confectionery, and beverages further highlights its cultural importance.

The chemical composition of Mulethi, including compounds like glycyrrhizin, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, contributes to its medicinal properties. Research has supported its anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antioxidant effects, among others. Mulethi shows promise in managing respiratory conditions, digestive issues, skin ailments, supporting liver health, boosting immunity, and managing hormonal imbalances.

In the culinary realm, Mulethi is used to flavor teas, candies, liqueurs, and other food products. It acts as a natural sweetener and flavor enhancer, adding depth and sweetness to various dishes. Its role in the food industry and its incorporation into herbal supplements and skincare formulations further demonstrate its versatility.

Looking to the future, continued research and clinical trials may uncover additional therapeutic applications of Mulethi. Further studies are needed to establish its efficacy, optimal dosage, and long-term safety. The sustainable utilization and conservation of Mulethi resources will play a crucial role in ensuring its availability for future generations.

Overall, Mulethi's cultural, medicinal, and culinary significance, coupled with ongoing research and sustainable practices, highlight its importance in various domains. Its rich history and potential developments make it an intriguing subject for further exploration and utilization in the years to come.

Commercial Products:

Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a versatile herb that is widely used in various commercial products. Here are some examples of products that incorporate Mulethi as an ingredient:

Nenel Hair Oil:

This ayurvedic hair oil is formulated with Mulethi and other herbal extracts known for their nourishing and revitalizing properties. It is designed to promote healthy hair growth, strengthen hair follicles, and improve scalp health.

Elz-kuf 100 ml and Elz-kuf 450 ml:

These ayurvedic cough syrups contain Mulethi along with other herbal ingredients known for their expectorant and soothing properties. They are formulated to provide relief from cough and respiratory congestion.

Rejuvenator Capsule:

These ayurvedic power capsules combine Mulethi with other herbal extracts to support overall well-being and vitality. They are designed to boost energy levels, enhance stamina, and promote physical and mental rejuvenation.

Retake 200 ml:

This ayurvedic multi-vitamin multi-mineral syrup contains Mulethi as a key ingredient. It is formulated to provide essential nutrients and support overall health and vitality.

Saptras Vati:

These ayurvedic immunity booster tablets incorporate Mulethi along with other immune-supporting herbs. They are designed to strengthen the immune system and promote overall wellness.

Calcizac-I:

These ayurvedic calcium iron tablets contain Mulethi along with calcium and iron. They are formulated to support healthy bone and muscle function, and to address deficiencies of calcium and iron.

Elcid Capsule and Elcid Syrup:

These ayurvedic antacid products utilize Mulethi and other herbal ingredients known for their digestive properties. They are designed to provide relief from acidity and indigestion.

RaktPitt Nasak Gutika 60 tab:

These ayurvedic raktpit nasak tablets, containing Mulethi and other herbal ingredients, are formulated to balance the Pitta dosha and support overall blood health.

Utizac and Uvitone:

These ayurvedic uterine tonics incorporate Mulethi and other herbs known for their benefits to female reproductive health. They are designed to support the overall well-being of the female reproductive system.

Feezac:

This ayurvedic calcium iron syrup contains Mulethi along with calcium, iron, and other essential nutrients. It is formulated to address deficiencies and support healthy growth and development.

 

These products exemplify the diverse applications of Mulethi in the commercial sector, ranging from hair care and respiratory health to immunity support and digestive wellness. It is important to note that specific usage instructions and dosages for these products should be followed as recommended by the ayurvedic medicine manufacturers or healthcare professionals.

Herbs Alphabetical List

Adraka (Zingiber Officinale), Agar Agar (Gelidium Amansii), Ajamoda (Carum Roxburghianum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum Ammi), Aloevera (Aloe Barbadensis), Alsi (Linum Usitatissimum), Amaltaas (Cassia Fistula), Amla (Emblica Officinalis), Amrapandhi haridra (Curcuma Amada) , Ananthamoola (Hemidesmus Indicus), Apamarg (Achyranthes Aspera), Arand Beej (Ricinus Communis), Arjun (Terminalia Arjuna), Ashoka (Saraca Indica), Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera), Atibala         (Abutilon Indicum), Babool Gond (Acaia Arabica), Bael / Belpatre (Aegle Marmelos), Bahera (Terminalia Bellirica), Bansa (Adhatoda Vasica), Bavding (Embelia Ribes), Bharangi (Clerodendrum Serratum), Bhringaraj (Eclipta Alba), Bhuiamla (Phyllanthus Niruri), Bhutrina (Cymbopogon Citrastus), Bola (Commiphora Myrrha), Brahmi (Herpestis Monniera), Chandrashoor (Lepidium Sativum), Chameli (Jasminum Officinale), Chirayta (Swertia Chirata), Chirongi Oil (Buchanania Latifolia), Chitra (Plumbago Zeylanica), Dadima Beej (Punica Granatum), Dalchini  (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum), Daruhaldi (Berberis Aristate), Devdaru (Cedrus Deodara), Dhataki (Woodfordia Fruticosa), Draksha (Vitis Vinifera), Gairik (Ochre), Gajar (Daucus Carota), Gali Pan / Paan (Betel Pepper), Gandhpura Oil (Gaultheria Fragrantissima), Garlic Shuddha (Allium Sativum), Goat Milk, Wheat Grass Oil (Triticum Sativum), Gokharu (Tribulus Terrestris), Gorakhganja (Aerva Lanata), Gudmar (Gymnema Sylvestre), Guduchi (Tinosora Cordifolia), Gulab (Rosa Centifolia), Gular (Ficus Glomerata Roxb.), Hadjod (Cissus Quadranglaris), Haldi (Curcuma Longa), Hansraj  (Adiantum Lunulatum), Harad (Terminalia Chebula), Harshingar (Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis), Hingu (Ferula Ashafoetida), Honey, Indrajaw (Holarrhena Antidysenterica), Ispaghul Husk (Plantago Ovata), Jaiphal (Myristica Fragrans), Jamun (Eugenia Jambolana), Jarul (Lagerstroemia Flos-Reginae Retz), Jatamansi (Nardostachys Jatamansi), Java Kushum (Hibiscus Rosasinensis), Jeera (Cuminum Cyminum), Jyotishmati (Celastrus Paniculatus), Kakarsingi (Pistacia Integerrima), Kali Mirach (Piper Nigrum), Kallaungi (Nigella Sativa), Kalmegh (Andrographis Peniculata), Kantkari (Solanum Xanthocarpum), Kapoor (Cinnamomum Camphora), Kapoor Tulsi (Ocimum Americanum), Karanja (Pongamia Glabra), Karela (Momordica Charantia), Kasni (Cichorium Intybus), Kaunch Beej (Mucuna Pruriens), Khadir (Acacia Catechu), Khatmi (Althaea Officinalis), Kiwi (Actinidia Deliciosa), Kulattha (Dolichos Biflorus), Kumkum/Kesar (Crocus Sativas), Kuth (Saussurea Costus), Kutki (Picrorhiza Kurroa), Lajjalu Mool (Mimosa Pudica), Laksha (Laccifer Lacca), Lal Chandan (Pterocarpus Santalinus), Lata Karanj (Caesalpinia Bonducella Fleming), Lavang (Caryophyllus Aromaticus), Lodhra (Symplocos Racemosa), Makoy (Solanum Nigrum), Manjishtha (Rubia Cordifolia), Mehandi Pan (Lawsonia Alba), Methi (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum), Mooli (Raphanus Sativus), Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza Glabra), Mundi (Sphaeranthus Indicus), Mustaka (Cyperus Rotundus), Nagar Moth (Cyperus Scariosus), Nagbala (Sida Veronicaefolia), Nagkesar (Mesua Ferrea), Naryan/Coconut Oil (Cocos Nucifera) , Neem (Azadirachta Indica), Nilgiri Oil (Eucalyptus Glabulus), Nimbu (Citrus Limon), Nirgundi (Vitex Negundo), Nisoth (Ipomoea Turpethum), Oyester Shell, Padmaka (Prunus Puddum), Palash (Butea Frondosa), Papaya (Carica Papaya), Pashanh Bedh (Coleus Aromaticus), Pipal (Ficus Religiosa), Pipli (Piper Longum), Pitpara (Fumaria Officinalis), Pudina (Mentha Piperata), Punarnava (Boerhaavia Diffusa), Pushkar Mool (Inula Racemosa), Rama Tulsi (Ocimum Gratissimum), Rasana (Pluchea Lanceolata), Revand Chini (Rheum Emodi), Roheda (Tecomella Undulata), Rosary Tulsi (Ocimum Canum), Saindhav Lavan (Chloride of Sodium), Salaki (Boswellia Serrata), Sanay (Cassia Angustifolia), Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare), Sevam (Pyrus Malus), Shankpushpi (Convolvulus Pluricaulis), Sharpunkha (Tephrosia Purpurea), Shatavari (Asparagus Racemosus), Shetal Chini (Piper Cubeba), Shigru (Moringa Pterygosperma), Shudh Kuchla (Strychnos Nux Vomica Linn), Shyama Tulsi (Ocimum Tenuiflorum), Shyonak (Oroxylum Indicum), Siras (Albizzia Lebbeck Benth), Somlata (Ephedra Vulgaris), Soya Been Oil (Glycine Max), St John's Wort Ext. (Hypericum Perforatum), Sudh Guggul (Balsamodendron Mukul), Sudh Shilajeet (Asphaltum Punjabinum),  Sukshmela (Elettaria Cardamomum), Suranjan Siri (Colchicum Luteum), Svet Chandan (Santalum Album), Svet Moosali (Asparagus Adscenden), Tagar (Valeriana Wallichii), Tejpatra (Cinnamomum Tamala), Terpentine Oil (Pinus Palustris), Til Oil (Sesamum Indicum), Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum), Ulathkamal (Ambroma Augusta), Vach (Acorus Calamus), Vidari (Pueraria Tuberosa), Van Tulsi (Ocimum Basilicum), Varuna (Crataeva Nurvala), Vijaysaar (Pterocarpus Marsupium), Zoofa (Hyssopus Officinalis)