Nishoth (Operculina turpethum): A Medicinal Powerhouse with Traditional Roots and Modern Applications

Introduction:

Nishoth, scientifically known as Operculina turpethum, is a medicinal plant that holds significant importance in traditional medicine systems. It has been used for centuries in various cultures for its therapeutic properties. Nishoth is native to different regions, primarily found in India, Southeast Asia, and parts of Africa. Its rich history and traditional usage make it a plant of great relevance in the field of herbal medicine.

The plant's scientific name, Operculina turpethum, refers to its unique characteristics. "Operculina" is derived from the Latin word "operculum," meaning a lid or cover, which describes the flower's distinctive shape. "Turpethum" refers to the plant's purgative or laxative properties, which have been well-documented in traditional medicine.

Significance in Traditional Medicine:

Nishoth has long been recognized for its versatile medicinal uses and has found a place in various traditional medicine systems, including Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. The roots, leaves, and seeds of Nishoth are commonly utilized for their therapeutic benefits.

Traditionally, Nishoth has been employed as a potent purgative, diuretic, and expectorant. It is believed to support digestion, cleanse the body of toxins, and promote overall well-being. In Ayurveda, it is classified as a "purgative herb" and is often used in formulations aimed at detoxification and treating digestive disorders.

The plant's traditional usage extends beyond digestive health. Nishoth has also been employed for its anthelmintic properties, helping to expel parasitic worms from the body. Additionally, it has been used to alleviate skin conditions, respiratory ailments, and as a supportive herb for liver and spleen health.

Presence in Different Regions:

Nishoth's presence is predominantly observed in India, where it is commonly known as "Nisoth" or "Turpeth." It is widely cultivated in the Indian states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. The plant's popularity extends to other regions of South Asia, including Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan, where it is recognized for its medicinal properties.

Furthermore, Nishoth has been utilized in traditional medicine practices in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Its historical use in African traditional medicine systems has also contributed to its significance in regions like Nigeria and Ghana.

The global recognition and continued utilization of Nishoth in traditional medicine highlight its enduring relevance and the trust placed in its therapeutic potential.

Nishoth (Operculina turpethum) is a medicinal plant with a long history of traditional usage. Its scientific name reflects its unique characteristics, and its presence in different regions emphasizes its significance in traditional medicine. The plant's traditional medicinal uses, including its purgative properties, digestive benefits, and various therapeutic applications, make it a valuable resource in herbal medicine practices.

Botanical Description:

Nishoth (Operculina turpethum) is a perennial climbing plant that belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. It possesses several physical characteristics that distinguish it from other plants. Here is a detailed description of its appearance, size, and growth habits:

Appearance:

·        Leaves: The leaves of Nishoth are large, alternate, and heart-shaped with prominent veins. They have a smooth or slightly hairy texture and are typically dark green in color.

·        Flowers: Nishoth produces attractive funnel-shaped flowers that are usually white or pale yellow. The flowers have a characteristic tubular shape with a broad opening, and they measure approximately 5 to 6 centimeters in diameter.

·        Fruits: After the flowering stage, Nishoth forms small, rounded fruits that contain several seeds. The fruits are usually light brown or grayish in color.

Size:

·        The size of Nishoth can vary depending on the growing conditions and maturity of the plant. On average, the plant can reach a height of 2 to 3 meters when fully grown.

·        The leaves of Nishoth can measure around 10 to 15 centimeters in length and have a similar width.

Growth Habits:

·        Climbing Habit: Nishoth is a climbing plant that employs tendrils to twine and cling onto other structures for support. It can climb on trees, shrubs, or trellises, using its slender stems and tendrils to reach greater heights.

·        Woody Base: The plant develops a woody base with age, providing stability to the climbing stems.

·        Rapid Growth: Nishoth exhibits vigorous growth under suitable conditions, allowing it to cover large areas if not pruned or controlled.

Unique Features and Distinguishing Characteristics:

Nishoth possesses certain unique features and distinguishing characteristics that contribute to its identification and recognition:

Operculum: One of the most notable features of Nishoth is the presence of an operculum, which gives the plant its scientific name, Operculina. The operculum refers to a lid or cover those forms on the flower bud before it opens. It resembles a cap or a hat, adding an interesting visual aspect to the plant.

Medicinal Root: The roots of Nishoth are particularly significant as they hold medicinal properties. They are thick, fleshy, and tuberous in nature. The root's size can vary, ranging from a few centimeters to several inches in length and diameter. It is this root that is primarily used for medicinal purposes.

 

These unique features and distinguishing characteristics contribute to the identification and appreciation of Nishoth (Operculina turpethum) both in its natural habitat and when cultivated for its medicinal value.

Traditional Medicinal Uses:

Nishoth (Operculina turpethum) has a long history of traditional usage in various cultures and traditional medicine systems. It has been valued for its diverse medicinal properties and has been employed to treat a wide range of ailments. Here are some of the traditional uses of Nishoth:

Digestive Disorders:

·        Nishoth has been traditionally used as a powerful purgative to relieve constipation and promote bowel movements. It is believed to stimulate the digestive system and facilitate the elimination of toxins from the body.

·        In Ayurveda, Nishoth is often included in formulations aimed at improving digestion, treating indigestion, and alleviating flatulence and abdominal pain.

Detoxification:

·        Nishoth has been recognized for its detoxifying properties in traditional medicine systems. It is believed to eliminate accumulated toxins and waste materials from the body, promoting overall wellness.

·        Traditional practitioners have used Nishoth as part of detoxification therapies and cleansing regimens to support liver function and enhance the elimination of metabolic waste.

Anthelmintic:

·        Nishoth has been traditionally employed as an anthelmintic, helping to expel parasitic worms from the body. It is believed to have the ability to immobilize and eliminate intestinal worms, thus aiding in the treatment of worm infestations.

·        Traditional texts suggest the use of Nishoth for conditions such as intestinal worms, especially in children.

Respiratory Ailments:

·        Nishoth has been used in traditional medicine systems to address respiratory issues. It is believed to have expectorant properties, helping to loosen and expel phlegm from the respiratory tract.

·        It has been traditionally employed in formulations to alleviate coughs, bronchitis, asthma, and other respiratory conditions.

Skin Disorders:

·        Traditional medicine systems have utilized Nishoth for its potential benefits in managing various skin conditions. It has been used topically and internally to address issues such as eczema, psoriasis, and dermatitis.

·        Some traditional practices involve using Nishoth paste or oil for external application to soothe skin irritations, reduce inflammation, and promote healing.

Phytochemical Composition:

Nishoth (Operculina turpethum) contains various chemical constituents that contribute to its medicinal properties. Here is an overview of the primary phytochemicals found in Nishoth:

Alkaloids:

·        Nishoth contains alkaloids such as turpethin and turpethinic acid. These alkaloids are believed to contribute to the plant's purgative and anthelmintic properties.

·        Turpethin has been reported to exhibit laxative effects by stimulating intestinal contractions, promoting bowel movements, and relieving constipation.

Flavonoids:

·        Flavonoids, including quercetin and kaempferol, have been identified in Nishoth. These compounds possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to the plant's therapeutic potential.

·        Quercetin and kaempferol have been studied for their anti-inflammatory effects and their ability to scavenge free radicals, which may play a role in the management of various diseases.

Terpenes:

·        Nishoth contains terpenes such as α- and β-amyrin. These terpenes are known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties.

·        α- and β-amyrin have been studied for their potential as natural anti-inflammatory agents, showing promising results in various experimental models.

Resins and Glycosides:

·        Nishoth contains resins and glycosides, which are responsible for its purgative and expectorant properties.

·        These compounds are believed to contribute to the plant's traditional use in treating digestive disorders and respiratory ailments.

Scientific Studies and Research:

Several scientific studies have been conducted to investigate the chemical composition of Nishoth and validate its traditional medicinal uses:

·        A study published identified and quantified the phytochemicals in Nishoth. The study confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and other compounds, supporting the plant's traditional use in various therapeutic applications.

·        In a study published, researchers explored the purgative effect of Nishoth. The study identified the presence of turpethinic acid and demonstrated its ability to stimulate intestinal motility, providing scientific evidence for the plant's traditional use as a purgative.

·        Another study published evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of Nishoth extracts. The research identified the presence of flavonoids and terpenes and demonstrated their significant anti-inflammatory effects, supporting the traditional use of Nishoth in inflammatory conditions.

 

These studies, among others, contribute to the understanding of Nishoth's chemical composition and provide scientific evidence that validates its traditional medicinal properties. Further research is ongoing to explore the full range of phytochemicals and their specific mechanisms of action in Nishoth.

Medicinal Properties and Health Benefits:

Nishoth (Operculina turpethum) is attributed with several medicinal properties based on traditional knowledge and scientific research. Here are the potential health benefits associated with its use:

Laxative and Digestive Support:

·        Nishoth has been traditionally used as a potent laxative, promoting bowel movements and relieving constipation. Its purgative properties are believed to stimulate intestinal contractions and facilitate the elimination of waste materials from the body.

·        Scientific studies have supported Nishoth's laxative effect. Research published demonstrated the purgative activity of Nishoth extracts in animal models, providing evidence for its traditional use in treating constipation.

Anthelmintic and Deworming:

·        Nishoth has been traditionally employed as an anthelmintic, helping to eliminate intestinal worms. Its anthelmintic properties are believed to immobilize and expel parasitic worms from the digestive system.

·        Clinical trials have indicated the effectiveness of Nishoth in deworming. A study published evaluated the efficacy of Nishoth-based herbal formulations in treating intestinal worm infestations in children. The study reported significant reduction and elimination of intestinal parasites, supporting its traditional use as an anthelmintic.

Detoxification and Cleansing:

·        Nishoth has been valued for its detoxifying properties, believed to eliminate toxins and waste materials from the body. It is considered beneficial for supporting liver function and promoting overall detoxification.

·        Studies have investigated the hepatoprotective activity of Nishoth. Research published demonstrated the protective effect of Nishoth extracts against liver damage induced by toxins, providing scientific evidence for its traditional use in detoxification.

Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects:

·        Nishoth contains flavonoids and terpenes that possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These compounds are believed to reduce inflammation, neutralize free radicals, and protect against oxidative stress.

·        Scientific studies have supported Nishoth's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. A study published demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of Nishoth extracts in experimental models of inflammation. Other studies have reported its antioxidant potential, suggesting its role in combating oxidative damage.

 

It's important to note that while traditional knowledge and anecdotal reports provide insights into the potential health benefits of Nishoth, more extensive scientific research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and efficacy in various conditions. It is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before using Nishoth or any herbal remedy for therapeutic purposes.

Mode of Administration:

Nishoth (Operculina turpethum) can be prepared and administered in various forms depending on the desired therapeutic effect. Here are some common forms of Nishoth and recommended administration methods:

Powdered Form:

·        Nishoth is often available in powdered form, obtained by grinding the dried roots of the plant.

·        The powder can be consumed orally by mixing it with water, honey, or other liquids.

·        The recommended dosage of Nishoth powder may vary depending on the condition being treated and the individual's age and overall health.

Decoction:

·        Nishoth can be prepared as a decoction by boiling the powdered root or the dried root slices in water.

·        To prepare a decoction, typically 1 to 2 teaspoons of Nishoth powder or 5 to 10 grams of dried root slices are added to around 250-500 ml of water. The mixture is boiled until the water reduces to one-fourth of its original volume, then strained and consumed.

·        The recommended dosage and frequency of Nishoth decoction may vary depending on the specific condition being addressed.

Herbal Extracts:

·        Nishoth is also available in the form of herbal extracts, such as tinctures or liquid extracts.

·        These extracts are prepared by using alcohol or other suitable solvents to extract the active constituents from the Nishoth root.

·        The dosage of Nishoth extract will depend on the concentration of the extract

Recommended Dosage and Administration:

The dosage of Nishoth can vary depending on factors such as the individual's age, overall health, and the specific condition being treated. It is important to follow the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional or traditional medicine practitioner. Here are some general dosage guidelines:

For Constipation and Digestive Disorders:

·        Nishoth powder: The recommended dosage is typically 1-3 grams, taken once or twice a day, mixed with warm water or honey.

·        Nishoth decoction: Generally, 50-100 ml of the decoction is taken once or twice a day, preferably on an empty stomach.

For Anthelmintic Purposes:

Nishoth powder: The dosage may vary depending on the age and condition being treated. Typically, 1-3 grams of Nishoth powder is taken once a day, mixed with honey or warm water, for a specific duration as advised by a healthcare professional.

Precautions and Contraindications:

While Nishoth has been used traditionally for its medicinal properties, it is important to consider the following precautions and contraindications:

Pregnancy and Lactation: The use of Nishoth during pregnancy and lactation should be avoided, as it may have uterine stimulant effects and lacks sufficient safety data.

Children: The dosage and administration of Nishoth for children should be determined by a healthcare professional, as it may vary based on their age, weight, and specific condition.

Pre-existing Medical Conditions: Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions should consult a healthcare professional before using Nishoth.

 

It is crucial to consult a qualified healthcare professional, such as an Ayurvedic practitioner or herbalist, before using

 Nishoth or any herbal remedy to ensure safe and appropriate use, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking medications.

Conclusion:

Nishoth (Operculina turpethum) is a plant of significant medicinal importance, with a rich history of traditional use in various cultures. Throughout this article, we have explored its botanical description, traditional medicinal uses, phytochemical composition, medicinal properties, and mode of administration.

Nishoth has been traditionally used to address ailments such as constipation, digestive disorders, skin diseases, and worm infestations. Scientific studies have begun to validate some of its traditional uses, showcasing its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and potentially anticancer properties. The plant's phytochemical composition, including compounds like turpethin, turpethoside, and others, contributes to its therapeutic effects.

While Nishoth holds immense potential in traditional medicine and shows promise in modern applications, further research is warranted. Ongoing scientific studies are exploring its mechanisms of action, conducting clinical trials, and investigating innovative formulations. These endeavors may lead to the development of novel therapies for inflammatory conditions, immune-related disorders, liver diseases, and cancer.

In conclusion, Nishoth stands as a botanical treasure with a wide range of medicinal properties and potential future applications. By nurturing its cultivation, supporting research efforts, and implementing sustainable practices, we can ensure the continued availability and utilization of this valuable plant for the benefit of human health. Let us recognize the importance of preserving traditional knowledge, exploring scientific advancements, and embracing responsible stewardship of medicinal plants like Nishoth.

Ayurvedic Products of Nishoth:

Rakt Pitt Nasak Gutika 60 tab - Ayurvedic Rakt Pitt Removing Tablets:

Rakt Pitt Nasak Gutika is an Ayurvedic formulation that incorporates Nishoth as one of its key ingredients. These tablets are specifically designed to address Rakt Pitta (bleeding disorders) and promote blood purification. Nishoth's traditional use in managing various blood-related ailments makes it a valuable component of this product.

Rakt Nasak Gutika tablets aim to alleviate conditions associated with excessive bleeding, such as nosebleeds, heavy menstrual bleeding, and bleeding gums. The inclusion of Nishoth in this formulation is based on its historical use in Ayurvedic medicine to balance the doshas, particularly Pitta dosha, and promote healthy blood circulation.

The tablets are formulated with carefully selected herbal ingredients, including Nishoth, known for their hemostatic and blood-purifying properties. These ingredients work synergistically to support the body's natural healing processes and maintain overall well-being.

Check High quality ayurvedic medicines manufacturer here

Herbs Alphabetical List

Adraka (Zingiber Officinale), Agar Agar (Gelidium Amansii), Ajamoda (Carum Roxburghianum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum Ammi), Aloevera (Aloe Barbadensis), Alsi (Linum Usitatissimum), Amaltaas (Cassia Fistula), Amla (Emblica Officinalis), Amrapandhi haridra (Curcuma Amada) , Ananthamoola (Hemidesmus Indicus), Apamarg (Achyranthes Aspera), Arand Beej (Ricinus Communis), Arjun (Terminalia Arjuna), Ashoka (Saraca Indica), Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera), Atibala         (Abutilon Indicum), Babool Gond (Acaia Arabica), Bael / Belpatre (Aegle Marmelos), Bahera (Terminalia Bellirica), Bansa (Adhatoda Vasica), Bavding (Embelia Ribes), Bharangi (Clerodendrum Serratum), Bhringaraj (Eclipta Alba), Bhuiamla (Phyllanthus Niruri), Bhutrina (Cymbopogon Citrastus), Bola (Commiphora Myrrha), Brahmi (Herpestis Monniera), Chandrashoor (Lepidium Sativum), Chameli (Jasminum Officinale), Chirayta (Swertia Chirata), Chirongi Oil (Buchanania Latifolia), Chitra (Plumbago Zeylanica), Dadima Beej (Punica Granatum), Dalchini  (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum), Daruhaldi (Berberis Aristate), Devdaru (Cedrus Deodara), Dhataki (Woodfordia Fruticosa), Draksha (Vitis Vinifera), Gairik (Ochre), Gajar (Daucus Carota), Gali Pan / Paan (Betel Pepper), Gandhpura Oil (Gaultheria Fragrantissima), Garlic Shuddha (Allium Sativum), Goat Milk, Wheat Grass Oil (Triticum Sativum), Gokharu (Tribulus Terrestris), Gorakhganja (Aerva Lanata), Gudmar (Gymnema Sylvestre), Guduchi (Tinosora Cordifolia), Gulab (Rosa Centifolia), Gular (Ficus Glomerata Roxb.), Hadjod (Cissus Quadranglaris), Haldi (Curcuma Longa), Hansraj  (Adiantum Lunulatum), Harad (Terminalia Chebula), Harshingar (Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis), Hingu (Ferula Ashafoetida), Honey, Indrajaw (Holarrhena Antidysenterica), Ispaghul Husk (Plantago Ovata), Jaiphal (Myristica Fragrans), Jamun (Eugenia Jambolana), Jarul (Lagerstroemia Flos-Reginae Retz), Jatamansi (Nardostachys Jatamansi), Java Kushum (Hibiscus Rosasinensis), Jeera (Cuminum Cyminum), Jyotishmati (Celastrus Paniculatus), Kakarsingi (Pistacia Integerrima), Kali Mirach (Piper Nigrum), Kallaungi (Nigella Sativa), Kalmegh (Andrographis Peniculata), Kantkari (Solanum Xanthocarpum), Kapoor (Cinnamomum Camphora), Kapoor Tulsi (Ocimum Americanum), Karanja (Pongamia Glabra), Karela (Momordica Charantia), Kasni (Cichorium Intybus), Kaunch Beej (Mucuna Pruriens), Khadir (Acacia Catechu), Khatmi (Althaea Officinalis), Kiwi (Actinidia Deliciosa), Kulattha (Dolichos Biflorus), Kumkum/Kesar (Crocus Sativas), Kuth (Saussurea Costus), Kutki (Picrorhiza Kurroa), Lajjalu Mool (Mimosa Pudica), Laksha (Laccifer Lacca), Lal Chandan (Pterocarpus Santalinus), Lata Karanj (Caesalpinia Bonducella Fleming), Lavang (Caryophyllus Aromaticus), Lodhra (Symplocos Racemosa), Makoy (Solanum Nigrum), Manjishtha (Rubia Cordifolia), Mehandi Pan (Lawsonia Alba), Methi (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum), Mooli (Raphanus Sativus), Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza Glabra), Mundi (Sphaeranthus Indicus), Mustaka (Cyperus Rotundus), Nagar Moth (Cyperus Scariosus), Nagbala (Sida Veronicaefolia), Nagkesar (Mesua Ferrea), Naryan/Coconut Oil (Cocos Nucifera) , Neem (Azadirachta Indica), Nilgiri Oil (Eucalyptus Glabulus), Nimbu (Citrus Limon), Nirgundi (Vitex Negundo), Nisoth (Ipomoea Turpethum), Oyester Shell, Padmaka (Prunus Puddum), Palash (Butea Frondosa), Papaya (Carica Papaya), Pashanh Bedh (Coleus Aromaticus), Pipal (Ficus Religiosa), Pipli (Piper Longum), Pitpara (Fumaria Officinalis), Pudina (Mentha Piperata), Punarnava (Boerhaavia Diffusa), Pushkar Mool (Inula Racemosa), Rama Tulsi (Ocimum Gratissimum), Rasana (Pluchea Lanceolata), Revand Chini (Rheum Emodi), Roheda (Tecomella Undulata), Rosary Tulsi (Ocimum Canum), Saindhav Lavan (Chloride of Sodium), Salaki (Boswellia Serrata), Sanay (Cassia Angustifolia), Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare), Sevam (Pyrus Malus), Shankpushpi (Convolvulus Pluricaulis), Sharpunkha (Tephrosia Purpurea), Shatavari (Asparagus Racemosus), Shetal Chini (Piper Cubeba), Shigru (Moringa Pterygosperma), Shudh Kuchla (Strychnos Nux Vomica Linn), Shyama Tulsi (Ocimum Tenuiflorum), Shyonak (Oroxylum Indicum), Siras (Albizzia Lebbeck Benth), Somlata (Ephedra Vulgaris), Soya Been Oil (Glycine Max), St John's Wort Ext. (Hypericum Perforatum), Sudh Guggul (Balsamodendron Mukul), Sudh Shilajeet (Asphaltum Punjabinum),  Sukshmela (Elettaria Cardamomum), Suranjan Siri (Colchicum Luteum), Svet Chandan (Santalum Album), Svet Moosali (Asparagus Adscenden), Tagar (Valeriana Wallichii), Tejpatra (Cinnamomum Tamala), Terpentine Oil (Pinus Palustris), Til Oil (Sesamum Indicum), Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum), Ulathkamal (Ambroma Augusta), Vach (Acorus Calamus), Vidari (Pueraria Tuberosa), Van Tulsi (Ocimum Basilicum), Varuna (Crataeva Nurvala), Vijaysaar (Pterocarpus Marsupium), Zoofa (Hyssopus Officinalis)