Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare): Exploring the Culinary, Medicinal, and Cultural Marvels

Introduction:

Saunf, scientifically known as Foeniculum Vulgare, is a herbaceous plant that has gained popularity and relevance in various cultures and regions. With its distinctive aroma and flavor, Saunf has become a cherished ingredient in culinary traditions and a source of medicinal benefits.

Saunf, also commonly referred to as fennel, is native to the Mediterranean region but has been cultivated and utilized worldwide for centuries. Its rich history and cultural significance can be traced back to ancient civilizations, where it was esteemed for its culinary and medicinal properties.

In different cultures, Saunf holds a special place in culinary traditions. Its aromatic seeds are used to enhance the flavors of dishes, adding a pleasant sweetness and a hint of licorice-like taste. Saunf is a common ingredient in Mediterranean, Indian, Middle Eastern, and Southeast Asian cuisines, contributing to a wide range of dishes, from soups and stews to salads, desserts, and beverages.

Beyond its culinary applications, Saunf has also been highly valued for its medicinal benefits. Traditional healing practices, such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine, have long recognized Saunf for its digestive and respiratory properties. It has been used to alleviate digestive disorders, relieve bloating and gas, soothe coughs, and support overall respiratory health.

The popularity and relevance of Saunf extend beyond its culinary and medicinal uses. In various cultures, Saunf holds symbolic and cultural significance.

As we delve deeper into the world of Saunf, we will explore its botanical description, delve into its historical and cultural significance, uncover its culinary uses, unravel its medicinal properties, and shed light on the modern research and studies surrounding this remarkable plant.

Botanical Description:

Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare) is a perennial herbaceous plant known for its aromatic and flavorful properties. Here is an overview of its physical characteristics:

Height: Saunf typically grows to a height ranging from 1 to 2 meters (3 to 6.5 feet). However, certain varieties may reach up to 2.5 meters (8 feet) in optimal conditions.

Leaves: The plant features feathery, finely divided leaves that are light green in color. The leaves are arranged alternately along the stem and have a delicate appearance.

Flowers: Saunf produces small, yellow flowers that are clustered together in umbels. Each umbel consists of numerous tiny flowers, creating a visually appealing arrangement. The flowers have five petals and form umbrella-shaped clusters.

Unique Features: One notable feature of Saunf is its distinctive aroma and taste. The plant's seeds are highly aromatic, emitting a sweet, licorice-like fragrance. These seeds are commonly used for culinary and medicinal purposes. Saunf also has a taproot system, with a long and thick main root that provides stability and nutrient absorption.

Natural Habitat and Common Regions:

Saunf is native to the Mediterranean region, including countries such as Italy, Greece, and Turkey. It thrives in warm climates and is commonly found growing in sunny locations with well-drained soil. Due to its popularity and cultivation, Saunf can now be found in various regions across the globe, including Europe, Asia, the Americas, and Australia. It is often cultivated in herb gardens, as well as in commercial farms dedicated to herb production.

Historical and Cultural Significance:

 

Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare) has a rich historical and cultural significance, with its use spanning across different cultures and civilizations. Let's explore its historical use, traditional beliefs, rituals, medicinal practices, and some interesting anecdotes associated with Saunf:

Ayurveda:

In traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda), Saunf has been valued for centuries. It is believed to have cooling and calming effects on the body and is used to balance the digestive system, alleviate digestive discomfort, and improve respiratory health.

Medicinal Practices:

Digestive Aid: Saunf has been traditionally used as a digestive aid in many cultures. It is believed to stimulate digestion, relieve bloating, and ease stomach discomfort.

Respiratory Support: Saunf has also been used to support respiratory health. It is believed to help soothe coughs, reduce congestion, and promote overall respiratory well-being.

Nursing Mothers: Saunf has been recommended in some cultures to support lactation in nursing mothers. It is believed to have galactagogue properties that may help increase milk production.

 

These historical and cultural connections to Saunf showcase its enduring significance and the widespread admiration it has garnered throughout the ages. Its presence in culinary traditions, medicinal practices reflect its versatile nature and the esteem in which it is held by different civilizations.

Culinary Uses:

Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare) is a versatile herb that adds a unique flavor and aroma to a wide range of cuisines. Let's explore its culinary applications and how it is used as a flavoring agent in various dishes:

Flavoring Agent:

Saunf seeds: The seeds of Saunf are the most commonly used part in culinary preparations. They have a sweet, licorice-like flavor with a hint of freshness.

Saunf leaves: The feathery leaves of Saunf can also be used to impart a subtle anise-like flavor to dishes.

Regional Culinary Applications:

Mediterranean Cuisine: Saunf is a staple in Mediterranean cuisine. It is used in dishes such as Italian sausage, Mediterranean salads, and various seafood preparations. It pairs well with ingredients like tomatoes, olives, citrus fruits, and grilled vegetables.

Indian Cuisine: Saunf is an integral part of Indian cuisine, especially in the form of whole seeds or ground powder. It is used in spice blends, curries, rice dishes, pickles, and desserts. Saunf is commonly used in dishes like biryani, masala chai (spiced tea), and mouth fresheners like "mukhwas."

Middle Eastern Cuisine: Saunf is used in Middle Eastern cuisines, particularly in dishes from Lebanon and Egypt. It is added to meat-based dishes, stews, and bread recipes like "za'atar" and "khubz."

Popular Dishes and Beverages:

Soups and Stews: Saunf is often used to flavor soups and stews, adding a subtle sweetness and enhancing the overall taste. It is a common ingredient in Mediterranean fish soups, Indian lentil soups (daal), and Middle Eastern lamb stews.

Breads and Baked Goods: Saunf seeds can be added to bread dough or sprinkled on top of baked goods to provide a distinctive flavor. Examples include Indian "naan" bread, Italian "taralli" biscuits, and Swedish "saunfbrod" (anise bread).

Beverages: Saunf is used to infuse flavor into a variety of beverages. In India, it is used to make refreshing saunf sherbet and saunf-infused water. In the Middle East, it is used to prepare traditional herbal teas like "shai bil saunf" (anise tea) and "gahwa" (Arabic coffee).

 

These examples showcase the versatility of Saunf as a flavoring agent and its incorporation into various cuisines. Whether in savory or sweet dishes, Saunf lends its distinct aroma and taste, elevating the flavor profile of the food and creating a memorable culinary experience.

Medicinal Properties and Products:

Medicinal Properties

Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare) possesses various medicinal properties that have been recognized and utilized in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine. Let's explore the health benefits of Saunf and its potential effects on digestion, respiratory health, and other areas:

Digestive Health:

Carminative Properties: Saunf is known for its carminative properties, which can help relieve digestive issues such as bloating, gas, and indigestion. It may promote the expulsion of gas from the digestive tract, reducing discomfort.

Digestive Aid: Saunf is believed to stimulate digestion and enhance appetite. It may support the production of digestive enzymes and improve nutrient absorption.

Respiratory Health:

Expectorant and Antitussive Effects: Saunf has expectorant properties, which means it may help loosen mucus and facilitate its expulsion. It is believed to have a soothing effect on the respiratory tract, making it useful for relieving coughs.

Respiratory Support: Saunf is traditionally used to support respiratory health, particularly in conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, and congestion. It may help clear the airways and promote easier breathing.

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties:

Saunf contains compounds with antioxidant properties, such as flavonoids, which help neutralize harmful free radicals and protect cells from oxidative stress.

It also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, which may help reduce inflammation in the body and support overall well-being.

Menstrual and Menopausal Support:

Saunf is often used in traditional medicine to provide relief from menstrual discomfort. It may help alleviate symptoms like cramps, bloating, and hormonal imbalances.

Some studies suggest that Saunf may also have a beneficial effect on menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, mood swings, and sleep disturbances.

Other Potential Benefits:

Saunf is believed to have diuretic properties, promoting urine flow and supporting kidney health.

It is also considered a natural antispasmodic, which may help relieve spasms in the gastrointestinal tract and ease abdominal pain.

Products

Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare) is not only appreciated for its culinary uses but also for its medicinal properties. Its digestive, respiratory, and other health benefits have led to the development of various Ayurvedic products. Here are some examples of products that contain Saunf as an ingredient:

Elcid Syrup - Ayurvedic Antacid Syrup:

Elcid Syrup combines the benefits of Saunf with other Ayurvedic ingredients to provide relief from acidity and heartburn. It helps in soothing the digestive system and promoting overall digestive health.

Elzym-L - Ayurvedic Enzyme and Liver Tonic:

Elzym-L is a unique formulation that incorporates Saunf and other Ayurvedic herbs to support healthy digestion and liver function. It aids in enzyme production, improves digestion, and promotes liver health.

Elzym - Ayurvedic Enzyme Syrup:

Elzym Syrup is enriched with the goodness of Saunf and other Ayurvedic ingredients that help enhance digestion, relieve gas and bloating, and promote overall digestive well-being.

Fire-up - Ayurvedic Appetizer:

Fire-up, enriched with Saunf and other Ayurvedic herbs, acts as a natural appetizer, stimulating digestion, and promoting a healthy appetite. It can be beneficial for those experiencing a lack of appetite or digestive discomfort.

Gasovit - Ayurvedic Antacid (Saunf and Orange Flavour):

Gasovit is a range of Ayurvedic antacid formulations available in both Saunf and Orange flavors. These formulations combine the soothing properties of Saunf with other natural ingredients to provide relief from acidity, heartburn, and indigestion.

Check One of Best Ayurvedic Company in India

 

While traditional medicine systems have long recognized the medicinal properties of Saunf, it is essential to note that scientific research is ongoing to further validate its potential health benefits. It is always advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before using Saunf or any other herb for medicinal purposes, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or are taking medications.

Nutritional Value:

Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare) is not only valued for its flavor and medicinal properties but also for its nutritional composition. Here's an overview of the essential vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients found in Saunf:

Vitamins:

Vitamin C: Saunf is a good source of vitamin C, which is an antioxidant that supports immune function, collagen synthesis, and iron absorption.

Vitamin A: It contains small amounts of vitamin A, which is essential for vision, immune function, and healthy skin.

Minerals:

Potassium: Saunf is a notable source of potassium, which is important for maintaining fluid balance, regulating blood pressure, and supporting heart health.

Calcium: It contains calcium, which is essential for strong bones and teeth, as well as nerve and muscle function.

Iron: Saunf provides a small amount of iron, a mineral necessary for oxygen transport, energy production, and optimal cognitive function.

Magnesium: It contains magnesium, which is involved in various physiological processes such as muscle function, nerve transmission, and energy metabolism.

Other Nutrients:

Dietary Fiber: Saunf is a good source of dietary fiber, including both soluble and insoluble fiber. Fiber aids in digestion, promotes satiety, and helps maintain healthy bowel movements.

Phytonutrients: Saunf contains various phytonutrients, including flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

How Saunf Contributes to a Healthy Diet:

Incorporating Saunf into your diet can provide several health benefits and contribute to a balanced and nutritious eating plan. Here's how Saunf contributes to a healthy diet:

Nutrient Density: Saunf is relatively low in calories but rich in essential vitamins and minerals. It allows you to enjoy a flavorful addition to your meals while providing beneficial nutrients.

Digestive Health: Saunf is a good source of dietary fiber, which promotes healthy digestion, prevents constipation, and supports gut health.

Hydration Support: Saunf has a natural diuretic effect, which may help support kidney function and contribute to hydration.

Antioxidant Protection: The presence of phytonutrients in Saunf, such as flavonoids, provides antioxidant benefits, helping to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in the body.

Flavor Enhancement: Saunf adds a distinct and pleasant flavor to various dishes, encouraging the use of herbs and spices in cooking, which can help reduce the need for excessive salt, sugar, or unhealthy flavor enhancers.

It is important to remember that while Saunf offers nutritional benefits, it should be consumed as part of a well-rounded diet consisting of a variety of foods to ensure a comprehensive intake of nutrients.

Modern Research and Studies:

Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare) has been the subject of several recent scientific studies, investigating its potential therapeutic applications. While research is ongoing, here are some notable findings:

Gastrointestinal Health:

A study published highlighted the gastroprotective effects of Saunf. It demonstrated that Saunf extract exhibited significant anti-ulcer activity and helped protect the gastric mucosa against damage caused by gastric ulcers.

Antimicrobial Activity:

Research published found that essential oil extracted from Saunf seeds exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi. It suggested the potential use of Saunf as a natural antimicrobial agent in food preservation and pharmaceutical applications.

Anticancer Potential:

In a study published, Saunf extract showed promising anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells. The study indicated that Saunf extract inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, suggesting its potential as a natural chemopreventive agent.

Anti-inflammatory Effects:

A research article published investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of Saunf in an animal model of colitis. The findings indicated that Saunf extract reduced inflammation and oxidative stress markers, supporting its potential as an adjunct therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases.

Hormonal Balance:

A study published explored the effects of Saunf supplementation on hormonal balance in menopausal women. The results suggested that Saunf supplementation may improve hormonal profiles, reduce menopausal symptoms, and enhance quality of life.

Safety Concerns and Precautions:

While Saunf is generally considered safe for most individuals, there are a few precautions to be aware of:

Allergies: Some individuals may be allergic to Saunf or other plants in the Apiaceae family, such as celery, carrots, or dill. Allergic reactions can range from mild to severe, so it is essential to exercise caution if you have known allergies to these plants.

Medication Interactions: Saunf may interact with certain medications. If you are taking any medications, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating Saunf into your routine.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: While Saunf is traditionally consumed during pregnancy and breastfeeding, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and to ensure safety for both the mother and baby.

 

As with any herbal supplement or dietary ingredient, it is recommended to consume Saunf in moderation and consider individual circumstances and health conditions. If you have any concerns or specific medical conditions, it is always best to seek professional medical advice before using Saunf for therapeutic purposes.

Culinary and Home Remedies:

Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare) can be used in various culinary preparations and home remedies. Here are some practical tips and suggestions for incorporating Saunf into your daily life:

Culinary Uses:

Infuse Flavor: Add Saunf seeds to soups, stews, and rice dishes to impart a subtle licorice-like flavor. Toasting the seeds before using them can enhance their aroma.

Spice Blends: Create your own spice blends by combining Saunf seeds with other herbs and spices like cumin, coriander, and turmeric. Use the blend to season meats, vegetables, or legumes.

Baking Delights: Sprinkle crushed Saunf seeds on top of bread, cookies, or cakes to add a unique flavor and texture. You can also infuse Saunf flavor into syrups or icings for a delightful twist.

Herbal Infusions: Combine Saunf seeds with other herbs like mint, chamomile, or ginger to create flavorful herbal teas. Simply steep the seeds in hot water for a few minutes and strain before drinking.

Home Remedies:

Digestive Aid: Chew a few Saunf seeds after meals to promote digestion, reduce bloating, and freshen breath.

Calming Tea: Prepare a calming Saunf tea by steeping crushed Saunf seeds in hot water for 10-15 minutes. Add a touch of honey for sweetness if desired. This tea may help relax the body and soothe an upset stomach.

Cough and Sore Throat Relief: Make a simple Saunf decoction by boiling Saunf seeds in water for 10-15 minutes. Strain the liquid and allow it to cool. Gargle with the decoction to alleviate sore throat or sip it slowly to ease cough symptoms.

Saunf Mukhwas (Mouth Freshener):

Roast a mixture of Saunf seeds, sesame seeds, coconut flakes, and a pinch of salt in a dry pan until fragrant and lightly golden. Let it cool and store it in an airtight container. Enjoy a small spoonful after meals as a natural mouth freshener and digestive aid.

Saunf-Flavored Water:

Add a few Saunf seeds to a jug of water and let it infuse overnight in the refrigerator. The next day, strain the water and enjoy a refreshing and subtly flavored beverage throughout the day.

 

Remember to adjust the quantities and flavors to suit your personal preferences when using Saunf in recipes or remedies.

Enjoy exploring the culinary and home remedy potential of Saunf, and have fun incorporating it into your daily routine!

Conclusion:

Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare) is a versatile herb that holds significance in various aspects of life, including culinary, medicinal, and cultural realms. Throughout this article, we have explored its botanical description, historical and cultural significance, culinary uses, medicinal properties, modern research, and practical applications in cooking and home remedies. Let's summarize the key points:

·        Saunf, also known as Foeniculum Vulgare, is an aromatic herb with a rich history and cultural importance in different civilizations.

·        Its botanical description includes a tall plant with feathery leaves, yellow flowers, and aromatic seeds.

·        Saunf has been used traditionally for its digestive, respiratory, and hormonal benefits, supported by modern research and studies.

·        Culinary applications of Saunf include its use as a flavoring agent in various cuisines, adding a unique taste to dishes and beverages.

·        Saunf's medicinal properties include aiding digestion, supporting respiratory health, providing antioxidant benefits, and promoting hormonal balance.

·        Saunf is rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and phytonutrients, contributing to a healthy diet.

·        Recent scientific studies have explored its potential therapeutic applications, such as its effects on gastrointestinal health, antimicrobial activity, anticancer potential, and anti-inflammatory effects.

·        When using Saunf in cooking, it can enhance flavors in various dishes, and as a home remedy, it can be used to soothe digestion, respiratory discomfort, and more.

Saunf continues to captivate us with its diverse benefits and uses. Whether you're seeking to add a touch of flavor to your meals, explore natural remedies, or delve into cultural traditions, Saunf is worth exploring further. Embrace its unique aroma, savor its culinary delights, and appreciate its potential contributions to your overall well-being.

 

So go ahead, venture into the world of Saunf, and discover the myriad of possibilities it holds. Experiment with new recipes, explore its therapeutic potential, and appreciate the cultural heritage it carries. Embrace the multifaceted nature of Saunf and allow it to add a touch of magic to your culinary experiences and wellness journey.

Herbs Alphabetical List

Adraka (Zingiber Officinale), Agar Agar (Gelidium Amansii), Ajamoda (Carum Roxburghianum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum Ammi), Aloevera (Aloe Barbadensis), Alsi (Linum Usitatissimum), Amaltaas (Cassia Fistula), Amla (Emblica Officinalis), Amrapandhi haridra (Curcuma Amada) , Ananthamoola (Hemidesmus Indicus), Apamarg (Achyranthes Aspera), Arand Beej (Ricinus Communis), Arjun (Terminalia Arjuna), Ashoka (Saraca Indica), Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera), Atibala         (Abutilon Indicum), Babool Gond (Acaia Arabica), Bael / Belpatre (Aegle Marmelos), Bahera (Terminalia Bellirica), Bansa (Adhatoda Vasica), Bavding (Embelia Ribes), Bharangi (Clerodendrum Serratum), Bhringaraj (Eclipta Alba), Bhuiamla (Phyllanthus Niruri), Bhutrina (Cymbopogon Citrastus), Bola (Commiphora Myrrha), Brahmi (Herpestis Monniera), Chandrashoor (Lepidium Sativum), Chameli (Jasminum Officinale), Chirayta (Swertia Chirata), Chirongi Oil (Buchanania Latifolia), Chitra (Plumbago Zeylanica), Dadima Beej (Punica Granatum), Dalchini  (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum), Daruhaldi (Berberis Aristate), Devdaru (Cedrus Deodara), Dhataki (Woodfordia Fruticosa), Draksha (Vitis Vinifera), Gairik (Ochre), Gajar (Daucus Carota), Gali Pan / Paan (Betel Pepper), Gandhpura Oil (Gaultheria Fragrantissima), Garlic Shuddha (Allium Sativum), Goat Milk, Wheat Grass Oil (Triticum Sativum), Gokharu (Tribulus Terrestris), Gorakhganja (Aerva Lanata), Gudmar (Gymnema Sylvestre), Guduchi (Tinosora Cordifolia), Gulab (Rosa Centifolia), Gular (Ficus Glomerata Roxb.), Hadjod (Cissus Quadranglaris), Haldi (Curcuma Longa), Hansraj  (Adiantum Lunulatum), Harad (Terminalia Chebula), Harshingar (Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis), Hingu (Ferula Ashafoetida), Honey, Indrajaw (Holarrhena Antidysenterica), Ispaghul Husk (Plantago Ovata), Jaiphal (Myristica Fragrans), Jamun (Eugenia Jambolana), Jarul (Lagerstroemia Flos-Reginae Retz), Jatamansi (Nardostachys Jatamansi), Java Kushum (Hibiscus Rosasinensis), Jeera (Cuminum Cyminum), Jyotishmati (Celastrus Paniculatus), Kakarsingi (Pistacia Integerrima), Kali Mirach (Piper Nigrum), Kallaungi (Nigella Sativa), Kalmegh (Andrographis Peniculata), Kantkari (Solanum Xanthocarpum), Kapoor (Cinnamomum Camphora), Kapoor Tulsi (Ocimum Americanum), Karanja (Pongamia Glabra), Karela (Momordica Charantia), Kasni (Cichorium Intybus), Kaunch Beej (Mucuna Pruriens), Khadir (Acacia Catechu), Khatmi (Althaea Officinalis), Kiwi (Actinidia Deliciosa), Kulattha (Dolichos Biflorus), Kumkum/Kesar (Crocus Sativas), Kuth (Saussurea Costus), Kutki (Picrorhiza Kurroa), Lajjalu Mool (Mimosa Pudica), Laksha (Laccifer Lacca), Lal Chandan (Pterocarpus Santalinus), Lata Karanj (Caesalpinia Bonducella Fleming), Lavang (Caryophyllus Aromaticus), Lodhra (Symplocos Racemosa), Makoy (Solanum Nigrum), Manjishtha (Rubia Cordifolia), Mehandi Pan (Lawsonia Alba), Methi (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum), Mooli (Raphanus Sativus), Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza Glabra), Mundi (Sphaeranthus Indicus), Mustaka (Cyperus Rotundus), Nagar Moth (Cyperus Scariosus), Nagbala (Sida Veronicaefolia), Nagkesar (Mesua Ferrea), Naryan/Coconut Oil (Cocos Nucifera) , Neem (Azadirachta Indica), Nilgiri Oil (Eucalyptus Glabulus), Nimbu (Citrus Limon), Nirgundi (Vitex Negundo), Nisoth (Ipomoea Turpethum), Oyester Shell, Padmaka (Prunus Puddum), Palash (Butea Frondosa), Papaya (Carica Papaya), Pashanh Bedh (Coleus Aromaticus), Pipal (Ficus Religiosa), Pipli (Piper Longum), Pitpara (Fumaria Officinalis), Pudina (Mentha Piperata), Punarnava (Boerhaavia Diffusa), Pushkar Mool (Inula Racemosa), Rama Tulsi (Ocimum Gratissimum), Rasana (Pluchea Lanceolata), Revand Chini (Rheum Emodi), Roheda (Tecomella Undulata), Rosary Tulsi (Ocimum Canum), Saindhav Lavan (Chloride of Sodium), Salaki (Boswellia Serrata), Sanay (Cassia Angustifolia), Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare), Sevam (Pyrus Malus), Shankpushpi (Convolvulus Pluricaulis), Sharpunkha (Tephrosia Purpurea), Shatavari (Asparagus Racemosus), Shetal Chini (Piper Cubeba), Shigru (Moringa Pterygosperma), Shudh Kuchla (Strychnos Nux Vomica Linn), Shyama Tulsi (Ocimum Tenuiflorum), Shyonak (Oroxylum Indicum), Siras (Albizzia Lebbeck Benth), Somlata (Ephedra Vulgaris), Soya Been Oil (Glycine Max), St John's Wort Ext. (Hypericum Perforatum), Sudh Guggul (Balsamodendron Mukul), Sudh Shilajeet (Asphaltum Punjabinum),  Sukshmela (Elettaria Cardamomum), Suranjan Siri (Colchicum Luteum), Svet Chandan (Santalum Album), Svet Moosali (Asparagus Adscenden), Tagar (Valeriana Wallichii), Tejpatra (Cinnamomum Tamala), Terpentine Oil (Pinus Palustris), Til Oil (Sesamum Indicum), Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum), Ulathkamal (Ambroma Augusta), Vach (Acorus Calamus), Vidari (Pueraria Tuberosa), Van Tulsi (Ocimum Basilicum), Varuna (Crataeva Nurvala), Vijaysaar (Pterocarpus Marsupium), Zoofa (Hyssopus Officinalis)