Introduction:
Makaradhwaj, a remarkable substance deeply rooted in the
ancient practice of Ayurveda, holds a captivating history and a myriad of
therapeutic potential. Revered for its profound healing properties, Makaradhwaj
has been utilized for centuries as a vital ingredient in Ayurvedic
formulations. Derived from a meticulous preparation process, this unique
substance has captured the attention of scholars and practitioners alike,
contributing to its widespread significance in traditional medicine.
Throughout the ages, Ayurveda, the ancient holistic healing system originating from India, has sought to achieve balance and harmony in the body, mind, and spirit. Makaradhwaj, considered a potent and versatile ingredient, has played a pivotal role in Ayurvedic remedies. With a rich tapestry of historical use, Makaradhwaj has been treasured for its ability to promote vitality, restore health, and address a range of ailments.
Dating back to ancient times, Makaradhwaj has been mentioned
in revered Ayurvedic texts, including the Rasashastra literature. Its
preparation process, shrouded in intricate rituals and traditional knowledge,
reflects the deep wisdom and meticulousness of Ayurvedic practices. This
remarkable substance has stood the test of time, maintaining its relevance and
therapeutic potency even in the modern era.
As we embark on a journey to explore the enigmatic world of
Makaradhwaj, let us delve into its composition, preparation methods, and the
vast array of benefits it offers. From its historical significance to its
potential applications in contemporary medicine, Makaradhwaj continues to
captivate the curious minds of researchers, practitioners, and those seeking
holistic well-being. Join us as we unravel the secrets and unlock the potential
of this ancient treasure trove of Ayurveda.
Background and History:
Makaradhwaj, a revered substance in Ayurvedic medicine,
traces its origins to the ancient healing traditions of India. Its history
intertwines with the rich tapestry of Ayurveda, a holistic healthcare system
that has been practiced for thousands of years.
In Ayurveda, Makaradhwaj is considered a herbo-mineral
compound, combining medicinal herbs and minerals in a unique and intricate
manner. The word "Makaradhwaj" itself bears significance, as it is
derived from two Sanskrit words: "Makara," meaning crocodile, and
"Dhwaja," meaning flag or emblem. This name alludes to the method of
preparation and the symbol of strength and power associated with the crocodile.
The traditional methods of preparing Makaradhwaj are highly
complex and require a profound understanding of Ayurvedic principles and
rituals. Typically, the process begins with the collection of specific
minerals, such as mercury, sulfur, and purified gold. These minerals undergo a
series of purification techniques, including grinding, heating, and
detoxification, to eliminate impurities and enhance their therapeutic
qualities. The purified minerals are then combined with herbal extracts, such
as Aloe vera or Withania somnifera, and subjected to further processing,
including trituration and calcination, to form the final product.
Cultural context plays a crucial role in the use of
Makaradhwaj. In Ayurvedic traditions, it is believed that the preparation of
Makaradhwaj should be performed under specific planetary alignments and
auspicious timings, often guided by astrological considerations. These
practices stem from the belief that the energy and qualities of the celestial
bodies can influence the potency and efficacy of the final product.
Ancient Ayurvedic texts, including the Rasashastra
literature, provide invaluable references to Makaradhwaj. The Rasashastra, a
specialized branch of Ayurveda, extensively discusses the preparation and
therapeutic properties of herbo-mineral compounds, including Makaradhwaj. Texts
such as Rasa Ratnakara, Rasendra Sara Sangraha, and Bhaishajya Ratnavali
provide detailed descriptions of its composition, preparation techniques, and
indications for use.
Additionally, these texts highlight Makaradhwaj's
association with rejuvenation, longevity, and the enhancement of vitality. Its
historical use in Ayurvedic medicine has encompassed a wide range of
conditions, including respiratory ailments, reproductive disorders,
neurological conditions, and general debility. The knowledge and wisdom
surrounding Makaradhwaj have been passed down through generations of Ayurvedic
practitioners, preserving its importance and cultural significance.
Today, Makaradhwaj continues to be valued in Ayurvedic
medicine, with modern research seeking to explore its therapeutic properties,
standardize preparation techniques, and validate its efficacy through
scientific methods. The historical roots and ancient references of Makaradhwaj
contribute to its allure and inspire further investigation into its potential
as a valuable component of holistic healthcare.
Composition and Preparation:
Makaradhwaj is a herbo-mineral compound composed of several
ingredients, including minerals and herbal extracts. The primary components
used in its preparation are:
Mercury (Parada):
Mercury is a key mineral ingredient in Makaradhwaj. It
undergoes a thorough purification process to eliminate impurities and enhance
its therapeutic qualities. The purified mercury serves as the base for the
compound.
Sulfur (Gandhaka):
Sulfur, another mineral component, is combined with purified
mercury. It acts as a catalyst during the preparation process and helps in the
transformation and stabilization of the final product.
Gold (Swarna):
Purified gold, often in the form of gold foil or ashes, is
incorporated into Makaradhwaj. Gold adds therapeutic properties and enhances
the overall efficacy of the compound.
Herbal Extracts:
Various herbal extracts are included in the preparation of
Makaradhwaj to further enhance its medicinal properties. The choice of herbs
may vary depending on the specific formulation and desired therapeutic effects.
Some commonly used herbs include Aloe vera, Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha),
and Terminalia arjuna.
The preparation of Makaradhwaj requires a meticulous and
specialized process. Here is a general outline of the steps involved:
Purification of Minerals:
Mercury, sulfur, and gold are subjected to specific
purification techniques, such as grinding, heating, and washing. These
processes aim to remove impurities and ensure the highest quality of the
minerals used.
Trituration:
Purified mercury and sulfur are combined and triturated with
herbal extracts to form a homogeneous mixture. This step involves grinding and
blending the ingredients using traditional mortar and pestle techniques.
Calcination:
The blended mixture is subjected to calcination, a
controlled heating process, usually performed in a specialized vessel called a
puta. Calcination allows for the chemical reactions and transformation
necessary to stabilize and potentiate the final product.
Repeated Processing:
The calcination process is typically repeated several times,
with each cycle involving additional trituration and calcination. This
repetitive processing enhances the therapeutic qualities and removes any
remaining impurities.
It is crucial to highlight the importance of following
specific guidelines and precautions during the preparation of Makaradhwaj. The
process involves handling potentially toxic substances, such as mercury, which
can be hazardous if not managed correctly. Only trained and experienced
Ayurvedic practitioners or experts should undertake the preparation to ensure
safety and proper adherence to traditional methods.
Furthermore, the timing and planetary alignments during the
preparation process hold cultural and astrological significance. Traditional
guidelines dictate specific auspicious timings and astrological considerations
to optimize the therapeutic potential of Makaradhwaj. Respecting these
guidelines helps preserve the cultural context and traditional wisdom
associated with its preparation.
Adherence to quality control measures, such as sourcing high-quality ingredients and maintaining strict hygiene standards, is vital to ensure the safety and efficacy of the final product. It is essential to rely on reputable sources and follow standardized protocols to guarantee the authenticity and potency of Makaradhwaj.
By following the prescribed guidelines, precautions, and
traditional methods, the preparation of Makaradhwaj can uphold its historical
integrity, therapeutic value, and cultural significance.
Properties and Benefits:
Makaradhwaj is renowned in Ayurveda for its diverse
therapeutic properties, which contribute to its extensive range of potential
health benefits. While scientific research on Makaradhwaj is limited,
traditional Ayurvedic texts and anecdotal evidence highlight its various
properties. Here are some therapeutic properties attributed to Makaradhwaj:
Rasayana (Rejuvenative):
Makaradhwaj is considered a potent rasayana, which means it
has rejuvenative properties. It is believed to promote vitality, enhance
longevity, and slow down the aging process.
Immune Modulator:
Makaradhwaj is thought to have immunomodulatory effects,
helping to strengthen the immune system and support overall immune function. It
may aid in preventing and managing various infectious diseases.
Adaptogenic:
Makaradhwaj is believed to possess adaptogenic properties,
meaning it helps the body adapt to physical, mental, and emotional stress. It
may support stress management, improve resilience, and promote overall well-being.
Neuroprotective:
It is suggested that Makaradhwaj exhibits neuroprotective
effects, potentially protecting the nervous system from damage, supporting
cognitive function, and aiding in neurological conditions.
Cardioprotective:
Some traditional texts suggest that Makaradhwaj has
cardioprotective properties, promoting heart health, maintaining healthy blood
pressure levels, and supporting cardiovascular function.
Antioxidant:
Makaradhwaj is believed to possess potent antioxidant
properties, helping to neutralize harmful free radicals and reduce oxidative
stress in the body.
Aphrodisiac:
Ayurvedic texts attribute aphrodisiac properties to
Makaradhwaj, suggesting its potential in improving sexual vitality, enhancing
libido, and addressing sexual health issues.
General Tonic:
Makaradhwaj is often considered a general tonic, promoting
overall strength, vitality, and well-being. It is believed to nourish tissues,
improve energy levels, and enhance physical and mental stamina.
Conditions for which Makaradhwaj is commonly used in
Ayurveda include:
·
General debility and weakness
·
Respiratory disorders, such as asthma and
chronic cough
·
Neurological conditions, including epilepsy and
Parkinson's disease
·
Immune system disorders
·
Sexual disorders and infertility
·
Cardiac conditions and hypertension
·
Age-related cognitive decline
As with any Ayurvedic treatment, it is essential to consult
a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner or healthcare professional before using
Makaradhwaj. They can provide personalized guidance, assess individual health
conditions, and determine the appropriate dosage and duration of use based on
the specific needs of the individual.
Usage and Administration:
Makaradhwaj is available in different forms to suit
individual preferences and ease of administration. The common forms in which
Makaradhwaj is available include:
Powder:
Makaradhwaj is commonly available as a fine powder. It can
be mixed with honey, ghee (clarified butter), or warm milk for consumption.
Tablets/Capsules:
Makaradhwaj may also be formulated into tablets or capsules
for convenient consumption. These forms provide standardized dosages and are
easily portable.
When it comes to the dosage and administration of
Makaradhwaj, it is crucial to consult a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner or
healthcare professional who can assess your specific health condition and
provide personalized guidance. Dosage recommendations may vary based on factors
such as age, overall health, and the specific formulation of Makaradhwaj.
As a general guideline, here are some considerations for the
safe administration of Makaradhwaj:
Recommended Dosage:
The recommended dosage of Makaradhwaj typically ranges from
30 mg to 125 mg per day. However, the dosage may be adjusted based on
individual needs and the practitioner's guidance.
Timing:
Makaradhwaj is often taken in the morning on an empty
stomach or as advised by an Ayurvedic practitioner. Some formulations may also
recommend taking it before meals or with specific timing based on the condition
being addressed.
Duration of Use:
The duration of Makaradhwaj use can vary depending on the
purpose and individual response. It is essential to follow the prescribed
course of treatment recommended by an Ayurvedic practitioner.
Dietary Considerations:
Ayurveda emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet and
lifestyle. While taking Makaradhwaj, it is beneficial to follow a wholesome
diet that supports your specific health goals. Avoiding heavy, oily, or
incompatible food items is generally advised during the course of treatment.
Consultation and Monitoring:
Regular consultations with an Ayurvedic practitioner or
healthcare professional are crucial to monitor progress, assess any changes in
health, and adjust the dosage or treatment plan as needed.
It is important to note that Makaradhwaj contains mercury,
which can be toxic if not prepared and used correctly. To ensure safety, it is
essential to source Makaradhwaj from reputable ayurvedic
medicine manufacturers who follow strict quality control measures and
adhere to Ayurvedic standards.
Additionally, pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, and
individuals with specific health conditions should exercise caution and consult
a healthcare professional before using Makaradhwaj.
Ayurvedic Proprietary Medicine: Ashwashila Gold
Ashwashila
Gold is an Ayurvedic vitality and vigour medicine that utilizes the
beneficial properties of Makaradhwaj. It is formulated using a blend of
traditional herbs and ingredients to support overall well-being and vitality.
Makaradhwaj plays a key role in this proprietary medicine, contributing to its
potential health benefits.
Ashwashila Gold is available in a liquid form, typically in
a 200 ml bottle. It is commonly used to promote strength, stamina, and energy
in individuals experiencing fatigue, weakness, or low vigor. The inclusion of
Makaradhwaj in the formulation is believed to enhance its efficacy and
rejuvenating effects.
Safety and Precautions:
While Makaradhwaj has been used in Ayurveda for centuries,
it is important to be aware of potential risks, side effects, and
contraindications associated with its use. Here are some important
considerations:
Mercury Content: Makaradhwaj contains mercury, which
can be toxic if not prepared and used correctly. The purification process
involved in its preparation aims to remove impurities and render it safe for
consumption. However, improper preparation or administration may lead to
mercury toxicity. It is crucial to obtain Makaradhwaj from reputable sources
that follow strict quality control measures and adhere to Ayurvedic standards.
Side Effects: In rare cases, individuals may
experience side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, or skin
reactions. These side effects are usually mild and transient. If any adverse
effects occur, it is advisable to discontinue use and consult a healthcare
professional.
Contraindications: Makaradhwaj is generally
contraindicated in certain populations and conditions, including:
·
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Due to the mercury
content, Makaradhwaj is not recommended for use during pregnancy or while
breastfeeding. The potential risks to the developing fetus or the nursing
infant outweigh the potential benefits.
·
Children: Makaradhwaj is typically not
recommended for children, as their bodies may be more sensitive to the effects
of mercury. The safety and appropriate dosage for pediatric use have not been
well established.
·
Kidney Disorders: Individuals with kidney
disorders or impaired renal function should exercise caution when using
Makaradhwaj. The elimination of mercury from the body primarily occurs through
the kidneys, and impaired renal function may affect mercury excretion.
·
Allergies: Individuals with known allergies or
hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients in Makaradhwaj should avoid its use.
Consultation with a Qualified Practitioner: It is
crucial to consult a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner or healthcare
professional before using Makaradhwaj. They can assess your individual health
condition, medical history, and any potential contraindications to ensure safe
and appropriate use. A trained practitioner can provide personalized guidance,
dosage recommendations, and monitor your progress throughout the treatment.
Adherence to Guidelines: Strict adherence to
recommended dosage, administration methods, and duration of use is essential
for safe and effective results. Deviating from the prescribed guidelines may
increase the risk of adverse effects.
Remember, the information provided here is for general
informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical
advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified
healthcare provider for personalized advice tailored to your specific health
needs.
Current Research and Future Potential:
Scientific research on Makaradhwaj is limited, and there is
a need for further exploration to validate its traditional uses and understand
its mechanisms of action. However, there are some ongoing studies and emerging
findings that show promise in expanding the applications of Makaradhwaj. Here
are some areas of interest and current research:
Neurological Disorders:
Makaradhwaj's potential neuroprotective effects have
garnered attention in the field of neurology. Studies are investigating its
role in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's
disease, and epilepsy. Preliminary findings suggest that Makaradhwaj may have
beneficial effects on cognitive function and neuronal health.
Immunomodulation:
The immunomodulatory properties of Makaradhwaj are being
explored in the context of autoimmune disorders and immune system
dysregulation. Studies are investigating its potential in modulating immune
responses, enhancing immune cell function, and reducing inflammation.
Anticancer Effects:
Some preliminary studies have shown that Makaradhwaj may
exhibit anticancer activity. It is being investigated for its potential role in
inhibiting cancer cell growth, inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death), and
enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy treatments. However, further
research is needed to establish its efficacy and safety in cancer management.
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties:
Makaradhwaj's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
are of interest in various health conditions associated with oxidative stress
and chronic inflammation. Research is exploring its potential in conditions
such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and respiratory ailments.
Novel Formulations and Delivery Systems:
Researchers are exploring innovative methods to improve the
bioavailability and therapeutic potential of Makaradhwaj. Efforts are being
made to develop novel formulations, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and targeted
delivery systems, to enhance its absorption and targeted action.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Makaradhwaj holds significant historical and
cultural significance in Ayurvedic medicine. Throughout the ages, it has been
valued for its therapeutic properties and potential health benefits. Here are
the key points discussed in this article:
Historical Significance: Makaradhwaj has been used in
Ayurvedic medicine for centuries and is deeply rooted in traditional practices.
Ancient texts mention its preparation methods and highlight its diverse
applications in promoting health and well-being.
Therapeutic Properties: Makaradhwaj is attributed
with various therapeutic properties, including rejuvenation, immune modulation,
neuroprotection, cardioprotection, antioxidant activity, and aphrodisiac
effects. These properties contribute to its potential benefits in addressing a
range of health conditions.
Scientific Research: While scientific research on
Makaradhwaj is limited, preliminary studies suggest its potential in cognitive
enhancement, immune modulation, and anticancer effects. Ongoing research aims
to explore its applications in neurology, immunology, and other areas.
Safety and Precautions: Makaradhwaj contains mercury,
making it essential to follow specific guidelines and precautions. Consulting a
qualified Ayurvedic practitioner or healthcare professional is crucial to
ensure safe usage, personalized guidance, and appropriate dosage
recommendations. Specific populations such as pregnant women, children, and
individuals with kidney disorders should exercise caution or avoid its use.
Further Research: There is a need for further
scientific research, including well-designed clinical trials, to validate the
traditional uses and establish the safety and efficacy of Makaradhwaj.
Standardization, quality control measures, and understanding the underlying
mechanisms of action are areas that require more exploration.
Makaradhwaj presents potential benefits in promoting health
and well-being. However, it is vital to approach its use with caution, seek
professional guidance, and conduct further research to make informed decisions.
Consulting a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner or healthcare professional will
ensure personalized advice and maximize the potential benefits while minimizing
potential risks.
Herbs Alphabetical List
Adraka (Zingiber Officinale), Agar Agar (Gelidium Amansii), Ajamoda (Carum Roxburghianum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum Ammi), Aloevera (Aloe Barbadensis), Alsi (Linum Usitatissimum), Amaltaas (Cassia Fistula), Amla (Emblica Officinalis), Amrapandhi haridra (Curcuma Amada) , Ananthamoola (Hemidesmus Indicus), Apamarg (Achyranthes Aspera), Arand Beej (Ricinus Communis), Arjun (Terminalia Arjuna), Ashoka (Saraca Indica), Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera), Atibala (Abutilon Indicum), Babool Gond (Acaia Arabica), Bael / Belpatre (Aegle Marmelos), Bahera (Terminalia Bellirica), Bansa (Adhatoda Vasica), Bavding (Embelia Ribes), Bharangi (Clerodendrum Serratum), Bhringaraj (Eclipta Alba), Bhuiamla (Phyllanthus Niruri), Bhutrina (Cymbopogon Citrastus), Bola (Commiphora Myrrha), Brahmi (Herpestis Monniera), Chandrashoor (Lepidium Sativum), Chameli (Jasminum Officinale), Chirayta (Swertia Chirata), Chirongi Oil (Buchanania Latifolia), Chitra (Plumbago Zeylanica), Dadima Beej (Punica Granatum), Dalchini (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum), Daruhaldi (Berberis Aristate), Devdaru (Cedrus Deodara), Dhataki (Woodfordia Fruticosa), Draksha (Vitis Vinifera), Gairik (Ochre), Gajar (Daucus Carota), Gali Pan / Paan (Betel Pepper), Gandhpura Oil (Gaultheria Fragrantissima), Garlic Shuddha (Allium Sativum), Goat Milk, Wheat Grass Oil (Triticum Sativum), Gokharu (Tribulus Terrestris), Gorakhganja (Aerva Lanata), Gudmar (Gymnema Sylvestre), Guduchi (Tinosora Cordifolia), Gulab (Rosa Centifolia), Gular (Ficus Glomerata Roxb.), Hadjod (Cissus Quadranglaris), Haldi (Curcuma Longa), Hansraj (Adiantum Lunulatum), Harad (Terminalia Chebula), Harshingar (Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis), Hingu (Ferula Ashafoetida), Honey, Indrajaw (Holarrhena Antidysenterica), Ispaghul Husk (Plantago Ovata), Jaiphal (Myristica Fragrans), Jamun (Eugenia Jambolana), Jarul (Lagerstroemia Flos-Reginae Retz), Jatamansi (Nardostachys Jatamansi), Java Kushum (Hibiscus Rosasinensis), Jeera (Cuminum Cyminum), Jyotishmati (Celastrus Paniculatus), Kakarsingi (Pistacia Integerrima), Kali Mirach (Piper Nigrum), Kallaungi (Nigella Sativa), Kalmegh (Andrographis Peniculata), Kantkari (Solanum Xanthocarpum), Kapoor (Cinnamomum Camphora), Kapoor Tulsi (Ocimum Americanum), Karanja (Pongamia Glabra), Karela (Momordica Charantia), Kasni (Cichorium Intybus), Kaunch Beej (Mucuna Pruriens), Khadir (Acacia Catechu), Khatmi (Althaea Officinalis), Kiwi (Actinidia Deliciosa), Kulattha (Dolichos Biflorus), Kumkum/Kesar (Crocus Sativas), Kuth (Saussurea Costus), Kutki (Picrorhiza Kurroa), Lajjalu Mool (Mimosa Pudica), Laksha (Laccifer Lacca), Lal Chandan (Pterocarpus Santalinus), Lata Karanj (Caesalpinia Bonducella Fleming), Lavang (Caryophyllus Aromaticus), Lodhra (Symplocos Racemosa), Makoy (Solanum Nigrum), Manjishtha (Rubia Cordifolia), Mehandi Pan (Lawsonia Alba), Methi (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum), Mooli (Raphanus Sativus), Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza Glabra), Mundi (Sphaeranthus Indicus), Mustaka (Cyperus Rotundus), Nagar Moth (Cyperus Scariosus), Nagbala (Sida Veronicaefolia), Nagkesar (Mesua Ferrea), Naryan/Coconut Oil (Cocos Nucifera) , Neem (Azadirachta Indica), Nilgiri Oil (Eucalyptus Glabulus), Nimbu (Citrus Limon), Nirgundi (Vitex Negundo), Nisoth (Ipomoea Turpethum), Oyester Shell, Padmaka (Prunus Puddum), Palash (Butea Frondosa), Papaya (Carica Papaya), Pashanh Bedh (Coleus Aromaticus), Pipal (Ficus Religiosa), Pipli (Piper Longum), Pitpara (Fumaria Officinalis), Pudina (Mentha Piperata), Punarnava (Boerhaavia Diffusa), Pushkar Mool (Inula Racemosa), Rama Tulsi (Ocimum Gratissimum), Rasana (Pluchea Lanceolata), Revand Chini (Rheum Emodi), Roheda (Tecomella Undulata), Rosary Tulsi (Ocimum Canum), Saindhav Lavan (Chloride of Sodium), Salaki (Boswellia Serrata), Sanay (Cassia Angustifolia), Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare), Sevam (Pyrus Malus), Shankpushpi (Convolvulus Pluricaulis), Sharpunkha (Tephrosia Purpurea), Shatavari (Asparagus Racemosus), Shetal Chini (Piper Cubeba), Shigru (Moringa Pterygosperma), Shudh Kuchla (Strychnos Nux Vomica Linn), Shyama Tulsi (Ocimum Tenuiflorum), Shyonak (Oroxylum Indicum), Siras (Albizzia Lebbeck Benth), Somlata (Ephedra Vulgaris), Soya Been Oil (Glycine Max), St John's Wort Ext. (Hypericum Perforatum), Sudh Guggul (Balsamodendron Mukul), Sudh Shilajeet (Asphaltum Punjabinum), Sukshmela (Elettaria Cardamomum), Suranjan Siri (Colchicum Luteum), Svet Chandan (Santalum Album), Svet Moosali (Asparagus Adscenden), Tagar (Valeriana Wallichii), Tejpatra (Cinnamomum Tamala), Terpentine Oil (Pinus Palustris), Til Oil (Sesamum Indicum), Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum), Ulathkamal (Ambroma Augusta), Vach (Acorus Calamus), Vidari (Pueraria Tuberosa), Van Tulsi (Ocimum Basilicum), Varuna (Crataeva Nurvala), Vijaysaar (Pterocarpus Marsupium), Zoofa (Hyssopus Officinalis)
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