Asthisamharaka (Vitis quadrangularis): A Medicinal Plant with Promising Health Benefits and Therapeutic Potential

Introduction:

Asthisamharaka (Vitis quadrangularis), also known as the Devil's Backbone or Hadjod, is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in traditional medicine systems for centuries. With its origins in India, this plant belongs to the Vitaceae family and is characterized by its unique four-angled stem.

Hadjod holds significant importance in various cultures due to its potential health benefits and therapeutic properties. Its traditional use can be traced back to ancient Ayurvedic texts, where it is highly regarded for its ability to promote bone health and treat musculoskeletal disorders.

Historically, Hadjod has been used as a natural remedy for fractures, bone loss, and joint-related conditions. In Ayurveda, it is classified as a 'Asthisandhaneeya' herb, meaning it has the potential to strengthen bones, promote fracture healing, and improve overall bone health.

The plant's name, "Hadjod," is derived from the Hindi word "hadjod," which means "bone setter." This name reflects its historical use in traditional bone-setting practices and the belief in its ability to support the healing process of fractures.

Furthermore, Hadjod has garnered attention beyond traditional medicine due to its potential as an alternative treatment for osteoporosis, arthritis, and other bone-related ailments. Scientific studies have explored its phytochemical composition and its potential to stimulate bone formation, enhance calcium absorption, and inhibit bone resorption.

As interest in natural and plant-based remedies continues to grow, understanding the significance and potential benefits of Hadjod is crucial. This article aims to delve into the botanical description, traditional uses, phytochemical composition, and health benefits of Hadjod, shedding light on its role as a valuable medicinal plant.

Botanical Description and Distribution:

Hadjod (Vitis quadrangularis) is a climbing vine with distinct physical characteristics that set it apart from other plants. Here is a description of its appearance, leaves, and flowers:

Appearance: Hadjod is a perennial woody vine that can grow up to 10 meters in length. Its most notable feature is its four-angled stem, which gives rise to its common name, "Devil's Backbone." The stem is sturdy and has a characteristic reddish-brown color. It forms a dense network of tendrils that allow the plant to climb and attach itself to other structures or vegetation.

Leaves: The leaves of Hadjod are alternate, simple, and ovate in shape. They are about 5 to 10 centimeters long and have serrated edges. The leaves are green and have a smooth surface. They provide an attractive foliage to the plant.

Flowers: Hadjod produces small, greenish-yellow flowers in clusters. These flowers are unisexual and are typically inconspicuous. The plant is dioecious, meaning male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. The flowers give way to small berries that are green when young and turn purplish-black as they mature.

Natural Habitat and Geographical Distribution: Hadjod is native to India and is found predominantly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the country. It thrives in a variety of habitats, including forests, hillsides, and rocky terrains. The plant is well-adapted to warm and humid climates.

In addition to India, Hadjod can also be found in other parts of South Asia, including Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. It has been introduced to other countries with suitable climatic conditions, such as Malaysia, Thailand, and Myanmar.

Cultivation: Hadjod can be cultivated through seeds or stem cuttings. It prefers well-drained soil and moderate sunlight. The vine requires support for climbing, such as trellises or fences. It can be grown in pots or directly in the ground. In regions where the climate permits, Hadjod can be cultivated as an ornamental plant or for its medicinal properties. However, commercial cultivation of Hadjod is limited, and it is primarily harvested from the wild.

 

It is important to note that Hadjod is a protected plant species in some areas due to overharvesting. Sustainable harvesting practices and conservation efforts are crucial to ensure the plant's long-term survival in its natural habitat.

Traditional Uses:

Hadjod (Vitis quadrangularis) has a rich history of traditional use in various cultures and traditional medicinal systems. Let's explore its traditional uses, historical significance, folklore, and specific ailments for which it has been employed:

Ayurveda:

In Ayurvedic medicine, Hadjod holds a prominent place as a bone-strengthening herb. It is traditionally used to promote fracture healing, improve bone density, and treat bone-related disorders like osteoporosis and arthritis. Hadjod is believed to possess "Asthi Sandhaniya" properties, meaning it has the ability to strengthen bones and promote the healing of fractures.

Traditional Indian Medicine:

Hadjod is widely used in traditional Indian medicine systems, including Siddha and Unani. It is employed to alleviate joint pain, reduce inflammation, and support the healing of fractures. The plant is often used in the form of decoctions, powders, or pastes for topical application or internal consumption.

Folklore and Historical Significance:

Hadjod holds a place of significance in folklore and traditional practices. In India, it has been associated with bone-setting practices for centuries. The plant's Hindi name "hadjod" itself means "bone setter." Folklore suggests that the stem of Hadjod was used as a splint to support fractured bones, and it was believed to possess mystical powers to aid in the healing process.

Musculoskeletal Disorders:

Hadjod has been traditionally employed to address various musculoskeletal conditions. It is used to alleviate joint pain, improve joint mobility, and reduce swelling associated with arthritis and rheumatic disorders. The plant's anti-inflammatory properties are believed to play a role in providing relief from these ailments.

Fractures and Bone Health:

Hadjod is specifically used for its potential to support fracture healing and improve bone health. It is believed to aid in the formation of callus, a bridge of new bone tissue that helps heal fractures. Hadjod is traditionally used as a poultice or applied externally to the affected area to promote the mending of fractured bones.

Other Uses:

Apart from its applications in bone health, Hadjod has also been traditionally used for its astringent and digestive properties. It has been employed to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and to aid in digestion.

 

It is important to note that while Hadjod has a long history of traditional use, scientific research is ongoing to validate its traditional claims and better understand its therapeutic potential.

Phytochemical Composition:

Hadjod (Vitis quadrangularis) contains various active constituents and phytochemicals that contribute to its potential therapeutic properties. Some of the key compounds found in Hadjod include:

Ketosterones:

Hadjod is rich in ketosterones, specifically 2-Hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone and 2-Hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. These compounds have been shown to exhibit bone-stimulating properties and have been associated with increased osteoblast (bone-forming cell) activity and enhanced bone mineralization. They are believed to contribute to Hadjod's bone-healing and bone-strengthening effects.

Flavonoids:

Hadjod contains several flavonoids such as quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin. Flavonoids are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They may help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, which are associated with various chronic diseases, including arthritis and osteoporosis. These compounds contribute to the potential anti-inflammatory effects of Hadjod.

Triterpenoids:

Hadjod also contains triterpenoids like β-sitosterol, lupeol, and betulinic acid. Triterpenoids have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant properties. They may help alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and protect against oxidative damage.

Resveratrol:

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound found in Hadjod, known for its potential health benefits. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Resveratrol has been associated with the prevention of bone loss and the promotion of bone formation.

Pharmacological Properties and Mechanisms of Action:

The phytochemicals present in Hadjod contribute to its potential pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action. Here are some of the proposed effects:

Bone-Stimulating Properties:

The ketosterones in Hadjod have been found to promote osteoblast differentiation and activity, which are crucial for bone formation and healing. A study published demonstrated that the ketosterones extracted from Hadjod stimulated bone formation and mineralization in human osteoblast-like cells. The researchers suggested that these compounds may enhance osteoblast function and contribute to bone-strengthening effects.

 

Anti-inflammatory Effects:

Flavonoids and triterpenoids present in Hadjod have shown anti-inflammatory properties. They may inhibit pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines, thereby reducing inflammation in conditions like arthritis. A study published found that the flavonoid-rich fraction of Hadjod exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in animal models.

Antioxidant Activity:

The flavonoids and resveratrol in Hadjod possess antioxidant properties that help neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. Antioxidants are important for maintaining cellular health and protecting tissues from damage. A study published demonstrated the antioxidant potential of Hadjod extracts.

 

It is worth noting that while these studies suggest the potential pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action of Hadjod, further research is needed to fully understand the specific molecular pathways and clinical implications.

Health Benefits and Medicinal Properties:

Hadjod (Vitis quadrangularis) is believed to offer several potential health benefits and possesses various medicinal properties. Here are some of the key benefits associated with Hadjod and its traditional and contemporary uses in herbal medicine:

Bone Health and Fracture Healing:

Hadjod is traditionally used to promote bone health and assist in fracture healing. It is believed to stimulate the formation of callus, which bridges fractured bones. Several studies have supported the bone-stimulating properties of Hadjod. A study published found that Hadjod extract promoted fracture healing in animal models. Another study published demonstrated the bone-strengthening effects of Hadjod in osteoporotic animal models.

Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects:

Hadjod possesses anti-inflammatory properties, which may be beneficial in conditions characterized by inflammation and pain, such as arthritis. A study published found that Hadjod extract exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in animal models. These properties may help alleviate joint pain and reduce inflammation.

Antioxidant Activity:

The presence of flavonoids and other phytochemicals in Hadjod contributes to its antioxidant activity. Antioxidants help neutralize harmful free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage. A study published reported the antioxidant potential of Hadjod extracts.

Osteoporosis Management:

Hadjod shows promise in managing osteoporosis, a condition characterized by reduced bone density and increased risk of fractures. In a clinical trial published was found to improve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Anti-microbial Activity:

Hadjod exhibits antimicrobial properties and has been used traditionally to treat microbial infections. A study published reported the antimicrobial activity of Hadjod against various bacteria and fungi.

 

While traditional use and anecdotal evidence support the potential health benefits of Hadjod, it is important to note that more extensive clinical studies and trials are required to fully establish its efficacy and safety in various conditions.

Contemporary Applications and Commercial Formulations:

Hadjod's medicinal properties have attracted the attention of herbal medicine manufacturers, leading to the development of various products that incorporate Hadjod as an ingredient. One such product is "Orthozac Gold 30 Tablets - Ayurvedic Ortho Care Tablets."

Orthozac Gold is an ayurvedic formulation that combines the beneficial properties of Hadjod with other herbs and natural ingredients known for their orthopedic benefits. These tablets are specifically designed to support joint health, alleviate pain, and promote mobility.

The formulation of Orthozac Gold leverages the bone-strengthening and anti-inflammatory properties of Hadjod, along with other herbs traditionally used in Ayurveda for musculoskeletal disorders. It aims to provide a holistic approach to orthopedic care and support the body's natural healing processes.

Check: Ayurvedic Products Company Here

Safety and Side Effects:

Hadjod (Vitis quadrangularis) is generally considered safe for most individuals when used appropriately. However, it is important to be aware of side effects and consider certain precautions. Here are some important points to consider:

Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Hadjod or its components. If you experience any signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing, discontinue use and seek medical attention immediately.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: There is limited information available regarding the safety of Hadjod during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is recommended to exercise caution and consult with a healthcare professional before using Hadjod in these situations.

Drug Interactions: Hadjod may interact with certain medications. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional if you are taking any medications to avoid potential interactions.

Guidelines for Safe Usage, Dosage, and Precautions:

To ensure safe usage of Hadjod, consider the following guidelines:

1. Consult with a healthcare professional or herbalist before starting Hadjod, if you have any pre-existing medical conditions, are taking medications, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.

2. Follow the recommended dosage instructions provided by the manufacturer or as advised by a healthcare professional. Dosage may vary depending on the form of Hadjod (powder, capsules, extracts) and individual factors.

3. Start with a lower dosage and gradually increase if well-tolerated. Monitor your body's response and adjust the dosage accordingly.

4. If you experience any adverse effects, discontinue use and seek medical advice.

5. Store Hadjod products in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight, and follow the expiration date.

6. Be cautious when purchasing Hadjod products, ensuring they are from reputable sources and comply with quality standards.

7. Remember that Hadjod is not a substitute for medical treatment or professional advice. If you have a medical condition or require treatment, consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate care.

As with any herbal supplement, individual responses may vary, and it is essential to prioritize personal health and safety.

Conclusion:

Hadjod (Vitis quadrangularis) is a medicinal plant with significant potential benefits. Throughout this article, we explored various aspects of Hadjod, including its botanical description, traditional uses, phytochemical composition, health benefits, and safety considerations. Here are the key points discussed:

·        Hadjod is a climbing vine with a unique four-angled stem and is native to India, but it is also found in other parts of South Asia.

·        Traditionally, Hadjod has been used in Ayurveda and other traditional medicinal systems for its bone-strengthening properties, particularly in the healing of fractures.

·        The plant contains active constituents such as ketosterones, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and resveratrol, which contribute to its potential pharmacological properties.

·        Scientific studies have supported Hadjod's bone-stimulating effects, anti-inflammatory properties, antioxidant activity, and potential in managing osteoporosis.

·        Hadjod is generally safe when used appropriately, but precautions should be taken, especially regarding potential allergies, and interactions with medications.

·        Guidelines for safe usage, dosage, and precautions include consulting with healthcare professionals, following recommended dosages, and being aware of potential drug interactions.

Hadjod's potential as a medicinal plant is significant, particularly in the areas of bone health, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, further research is needed to better understand its mechanisms of action, dosage optimization, and its potential applications in various conditions.

Given the historical significance and traditional use of Hadjod, along with the emerging scientific evidence, it is an intriguing plant that warrants further exploration. Continued research and clinical studies will help unlock the full potential of Hadjod and its application in modern medicine.

Hadjod holds promise as a natural remedy for promoting bone health, managing musculoskeletal disorders, and potentially offering other health benefits. Its importance as a medicinal plant encourages ongoing scientific investigation to fully understand its properties and maximize its therapeutic potential.

Herbs Alphabetical List

Adraka (Zingiber Officinale), Agar Agar (Gelidium Amansii), Ajamoda (Carum Roxburghianum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum Ammi), Aloevera (Aloe Barbadensis), Alsi (Linum Usitatissimum), Amaltaas (Cassia Fistula), Amla (Emblica Officinalis), Amrapandhi haridra (Curcuma Amada) , Ananthamoola (Hemidesmus Indicus), Apamarg (Achyranthes Aspera), Arand Beej (Ricinus Communis), Arjun (Terminalia Arjuna), Ashoka (Saraca Indica), Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera), Atibala         (Abutilon Indicum), Babool Gond (Acaia Arabica), Bael / Belpatre (Aegle Marmelos), Bahera (Terminalia Bellirica), Bansa (Adhatoda Vasica), Bavding (Embelia Ribes), Bharangi (Clerodendrum Serratum), Bhringaraj (Eclipta Alba), Bhuiamla (Phyllanthus Niruri), Bhutrina (Cymbopogon Citrastus), Bola (Commiphora Myrrha), Brahmi (Herpestis Monniera), Chandrashoor (Lepidium Sativum), Chameli (Jasminum Officinale), Chirayta (Swertia Chirata), Chirongi Oil (Buchanania Latifolia), Chitra (Plumbago Zeylanica), Dadima Beej (Punica Granatum), Dalchini  (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum), Daruhaldi (Berberis Aristate), Devdaru (Cedrus Deodara), Dhataki (Woodfordia Fruticosa), Draksha (Vitis Vinifera), Gairik (Ochre), Gajar (Daucus Carota), Gali Pan / Paan (Betel Pepper), Gandhpura Oil (Gaultheria Fragrantissima), Garlic Shuddha (Allium Sativum), Goat Milk, Wheat Grass Oil (Triticum Sativum), Gokharu (Tribulus Terrestris), Gorakhganja (Aerva Lanata), Gudmar (Gymnema Sylvestre), Guduchi (Tinosora Cordifolia), Gulab (Rosa Centifolia), Gular (Ficus Glomerata Roxb.), Hadjod (Cissus Quadranglaris), Haldi (Curcuma Longa), Hansraj  (Adiantum Lunulatum), Harad (Terminalia Chebula), Harshingar (Nyctanthes Arbor-Tristis), Hingu (Ferula Ashafoetida), Honey, Indrajaw (Holarrhena Antidysenterica), Ispaghul Husk (Plantago Ovata), Jaiphal (Myristica Fragrans), Jamun (Eugenia Jambolana), Jarul (Lagerstroemia Flos-Reginae Retz), Jatamansi (Nardostachys Jatamansi), Java Kushum (Hibiscus Rosasinensis), Jeera (Cuminum Cyminum), Jyotishmati (Celastrus Paniculatus), Kakarsingi (Pistacia Integerrima), Kali Mirach (Piper Nigrum), Kallaungi (Nigella Sativa), Kalmegh (Andrographis Peniculata), Kantkari (Solanum Xanthocarpum), Kapoor (Cinnamomum Camphora), Kapoor Tulsi (Ocimum Americanum), Karanja (Pongamia Glabra), Karela (Momordica Charantia), Kasni (Cichorium Intybus), Kaunch Beej (Mucuna Pruriens), Khadir (Acacia Catechu), Khatmi (Althaea Officinalis), Kiwi (Actinidia Deliciosa), Kulattha (Dolichos Biflorus), Kumkum/Kesar (Crocus Sativas), Kuth (Saussurea Costus), Kutki (Picrorhiza Kurroa), Lajjalu Mool (Mimosa Pudica), Laksha (Laccifer Lacca), Lal Chandan (Pterocarpus Santalinus), Lata Karanj (Caesalpinia Bonducella Fleming), Lavang (Caryophyllus Aromaticus), Lodhra (Symplocos Racemosa), Makoy (Solanum Nigrum), Manjishtha (Rubia Cordifolia), Mehandi Pan (Lawsonia Alba), Methi (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum), Mooli (Raphanus Sativus), Mulethi (Glycyrrhiza Glabra), Mundi (Sphaeranthus Indicus), Mustaka (Cyperus Rotundus), Nagar Moth (Cyperus Scariosus), Nagbala (Sida Veronicaefolia), Nagkesar (Mesua Ferrea), Naryan/Coconut Oil (Cocos Nucifera) , Neem (Azadirachta Indica), Nilgiri Oil (Eucalyptus Glabulus), Nimbu (Citrus Limon), Nirgundi (Vitex Negundo), Nisoth (Ipomoea Turpethum), Oyester Shell, Padmaka (Prunus Puddum), Palash (Butea Frondosa), Papaya (Carica Papaya), Pashanh Bedh (Coleus Aromaticus), Pipal (Ficus Religiosa), Pipli (Piper Longum), Pitpara (Fumaria Officinalis), Pudina (Mentha Piperata), Punarnava (Boerhaavia Diffusa), Pushkar Mool (Inula Racemosa), Rama Tulsi (Ocimum Gratissimum), Rasana (Pluchea Lanceolata), Revand Chini (Rheum Emodi), Roheda (Tecomella Undulata), Rosary Tulsi (Ocimum Canum), Saindhav Lavan (Chloride of Sodium), Salaki (Boswellia Serrata), Sanay (Cassia Angustifolia), Saunf (Foeniculum Vulgare), Sevam (Pyrus Malus), Shankpushpi (Convolvulus Pluricaulis), Sharpunkha (Tephrosia Purpurea), Shatavari (Asparagus Racemosus), Shetal Chini (Piper Cubeba), Shigru (Moringa Pterygosperma), Shudh Kuchla (Strychnos Nux Vomica Linn), Shyama Tulsi (Ocimum Tenuiflorum), Shyonak (Oroxylum Indicum), Siras (Albizzia Lebbeck Benth), Somlata (Ephedra Vulgaris), Soya Been Oil (Glycine Max), St John's Wort Ext. (Hypericum Perforatum), Sudh Guggul (Balsamodendron Mukul), Sudh Shilajeet (Asphaltum Punjabinum),  Sukshmela (Elettaria Cardamomum), Suranjan Siri (Colchicum Luteum), Svet Chandan (Santalum Album), Svet Moosali (Asparagus Adscenden), Tagar (Valeriana Wallichii), Tejpatra (Cinnamomum Tamala), Terpentine Oil (Pinus Palustris), Til Oil (Sesamum Indicum), Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum), Ulathkamal (Ambroma Augusta), Vach (Acorus Calamus), Vidari (Pueraria Tuberosa), Van Tulsi (Ocimum Basilicum), Varuna (Crataeva Nurvala), Vijaysaar (Pterocarpus Marsupium), Zoofa (Hyssopus Officinalis)